the objectives of this study were (a) to examine the writing performance of l2 learners on the level-specific tasks based on common european framework of reference (cefr) and (b) to investigate whether there was any difference between the students' self-assessed level of writing and the writing level reported by the raters. this study was conducted with 138 iranian students at ba and ma levels ...

A mechanism of predictions for language implies that the parser has to build up potential upcoming continuations and then evaluate them given the evidence. We show that the difficulty produced by the mismatch between the actual continuation and the predictions is modulated by cognitive control as measured by a modification of the Stroop task. We ran a self-paced reading task in German using a p...

Two experiments aimed at investigating how working memory capacity (WMC) related to processing wh-extractions in both a grammatical judgment and a translation task by using the Operation Span task. A self-paced paradigm was used to collect response times and accuracy rates. In Experiment 1, results showed that high WMC was related to faster grammatical judgment of the critical region in subject...

Synchronization of body movement to an acoustic rhythm is a major form of entrainment, such as occurs in dance. This is exemplified in experimental studies of finger tapping. Entrainment to a beat is contrasted with movement that is internally driven and is therefore self-paced. In order to examine brain areas important for entrainment to an acoustic beat, we meta-analyzed the functional neuroi...

Abstract This study investigates whether the use of prosodic cues during instruction facilitates processing German accusative case markers. Two groups third semester L1 English learners L2 completed Processing Instruction (PI) with aural input: Learners in PI+P group heard sentences that included focused cues; PI monotone prosody. The effects training were assessed through an offline comprehens...

BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick Type C disease (NPC), is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral disorder of lipid metabolism. One characteristic feature of NPC is a vertical supranuclear gaze palsy particularly affecting saccades. However, horizontal saccades are also impaired and as a consequence a parameter related to horizontal peak saccadic velocity was used as an outcome measure in the clinical tria...

Responses of twelve competitive cyclists performing an interval training session, consisting of three successive 10-min self-paced exercise bouts separated by two 15-min active recovery periods, were studied. Power output (PO), heart rate, pedaling cadence, ventilatory variables, overall ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis, vastus med...