This research investigates the effects of refraining from a purchase temptation at one point in time on choices made at a subsequent opportunity to purchase or consume a tempting product. Four experiments involving scenarios and real decisions demonstrate that the salience of restraint at a prior impulse buying opportunity causes consumers to reward themselves subsequently by choosing indulgenc...

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, we have been facing one most severe challenges our modern era. As world experiences ever-greater globalization, a process assimilation has accelerated in numerous spheres such as cultural, educational, economic, etc., but it is notable that measures taken by countries to combat impact COVID-19 vary significantly. A considerable number implemented lockdown strateg...

Main objectives of the present study were to examine (i) the accuracy of using female college students' self-reports of weight and height in estimating rates of overweight and (ii) whether dietary restraint or Body Mass Index (BMI) was the most important predictor of weight underestimation. Participants were 209 female college students who were asked to report their weight and height on a quest...

Self-discrepancy describes the distance between an ideal and the actual self. Research suggests that self-discrepancy and dietary restraint are related, causing a significant impact on the person's well-being. However, this relationship has been mostly reported in female and mixed populations. In order to further explore dietary behaviors and their relations to self-discrepancy and well-being-r...

The relationship between stress, restraint, and eating has been studied using various methods, including retrospective self-reports of stress and eating that are open to inaccuracies. Additionally, laboratory research has not systematically varied the fat content and sweetness of food items to assess how stress relates to specific food preferences. In this study of 40 women we examined the role...

A structural order parameter for disordered configurations is defined, based, not on local topologies, but the degree of restraint imposed each atom. This provides a clear distinction between strong liquid (SiO2) and fragile (a binary Lennard-Jones mixture) without reference to dynamics. Where exhibits an abrupt transition from unrestrained restrain below melting point, molten silica highly con...

Self-selected exercise seems to promote positive affective responses due to the perceived autonomy associated with it. The objective of the present study was to determine the magnitude of differences in Feeling Scale (FS) responses during self-selected and imposed exercise sessions. The PRISMA Statement was adopted for this meta-analysis. The search used PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of...