Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins present throughout the plant kingdom. A synthetic chemical reagent, (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv reagent, specifically binds AGPs and can be used for histochemical staining, isolating and probing the function of AGPs. Here, the role of AGPs in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B) seed germin...

Light is vital to plant life, not only as an energy source for photosynthesis but also as an important environmental signal regulating development and growth. Light affects almost every stage of plant development (Kendrick and Kronenberg, 1994), including seedling development, which represents one of the most dramatic and best characterized processes (von Arnim and Deng, 1996). In Arabidopsis t...

Arabidopsis thaliana CALMODULIN7 (CAM7), a unique member of the calmodulin gene family, plays a crucial role as a transcriptional regulator in seedling development. The elongated HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) bZIP protein, an integrator of multiple signaling pathways, also plays an important role in photomorphogenic growth and light-regulated gene expression. CAM7 acts synergistically with HY5 to promote ph...

Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) are essential for ribosome biogenesis, plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation, and early chloroplast development. This study identifies the first rice PRP mutant, asl1 (albino seedling lethality1), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. This albino phenotype was associated with altered chlorophyll (Chl) content and c...

Seed germination and early seedling establishment are critical stages during a plant's life cycle. These stages are precisely regulated by multiple internal factors, including phytohormones and environmental cues such as light. As a family of small molecules discovered in wildfire smoke, karrikins (KARs) play a key role in various biological processes, including seed dormancy release, germinati...

Our study was to develop a rapid and successful method for promoting asymbiotic seed germination and growth and development of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) and subsequent plantlets of Phalaenopsis orchid. Four basal media i.e. Murashige and Skoog (MS), half strength MS (½MS), Knudson C (KC) and, Vacin and Went (VW) supplemented with coconut water and peptone were examined for their effectivenes...

Because plants use light energy in photosynthesis, they are extremely sensitive to their light environment. Light affects plants throughout their life cycle, during processes such as seed germination, seedling and vegetative development and the transition to flowering [1]. Plants are sensitive to the quality, quantity, duration and direction of light [1], and to achieve this sensitivity they ar...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hymenaea courbaril (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) is a tree species with wide distribution through all of the Neotropics. It has large seeds (approx. 5 g) with non-photosynthetic storage cotyledons rich (40 %) in a cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan) as a carbon reserve. Because it is found in the understorey of tropical forests, it has been considered as a shade-tolerant,...

Anthocyanin synthesis, hair formation, and the synthesis of ascorbic acid oxidase are all phytochrome-mediated reactions occurring in the hypocotyl of mustard (Sinapis alba L.), controlled by phytochrome actually located in the hypocotyl. A comparison of these three reactions showed that in certain respects they differ greatly in their response to light. The ability of the seedling to respond t...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The optimal period for seedling emergence depends on factors such as habitat preference, life cycle and geographical distribution. This research was performed to clarify the role of temperature in regulating processes leading to seedling emergence of the European continental Scilla bifolia and the Atlantic Narcissus pseudonarcissus and Hyacinthoides non-scripta. METHODS Ex...