556 www.thelancet.com Vol 388 August 6, 2016 Today populations in the Americas are under increasing threat from the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In earlier centuries, the same mosquito spread the deadly haemorrhagic viral infection known as yellow fever. Rigorously organised vector control programmes in the 20th century, however, ended the urban c...

The results of eleven experiments dealing with (1) lime application, (2) herbicides, (3) nematicides, (4) varieties, (5) fungicides, (6) sowing date and (7) yield potential, are discussed. Lime was necessary, not to create a more neutral soil reaction, but to eliminate most of the exchangeable aluminium in the soil. It was necessary to incorporate lime to a depth of 200 mm but not deeper. Cyclo...

Fraedrich, S. W., and Cram, M. M. 2002. The association of a Lungidorus species with stunting and root damage of loblolly pine (Pinus ruedu L.) seedlings. Plant Dis. 86803-807. A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lac...

Reduced temperature and increased bulk density associated with conservation tillage systems cause lower seed germination, seedling emergence, and early growth rates resulting in reduced plant stands. Prediction of the influence of soil condition on seed imbibition through simple soil measurements would help make agronomic decisions such as planting date and/or density. Our objectives were to ev...

There is no overall agreement on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic enterprise, this may reflect different effects from various types of FDI. A panel data regression approach adopted to examine impact knowledge intensive FDI both new firm formation deaths enterprises. Jobs created by are found not influence births, but enterprise through deaths. Renewal activi...

There currently are no data on using reduced tillage for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) production when double-cropped after cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the southeastern USA. This study evaluated how tillage and subsoiling influenced double-cropped flax and cotton productivity and quality under conditions in the southeastern USA. An irrigated study on a loamy sand soil (Eunola loamy sand) ...

Understanding the complex mechanisms controlling treeline advance or retreat in the arctic and subarctic has important implications for projecting ecosystem response to changes in climate. Changes in landcover due to a treeline biome shift would alter climate feedbacks (carbon storage and energy exchange), ecosystem services such as wildlife and berry habitat, and landscape flammability. Wildfi...

The need for cultural enhancement of mycorrhizal fungi in the cultural of southern pines is discussed. It is suggested that any active program to improve seedling quality through enhancing mycorrhizal colonization can only be justified by demonstrating that more mycorrhizae are better, or different species of mycorrhizae improve seedling performance. Then the increase in performance must be gre...

Mortality was recorded annually over a 15-year period after thinning in each of three evenaged stands (one ponderosa pine and two ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir/western larch), and after individual tree selection cutting in two uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands. Highest mortality occurred in the controls in both the evenand uneven-aged stands, primarily due to suppression, while weather was the lea...