several attributes that make it attractive as a model species. It has a short seed-to-seed generation time and abundant seed set. Extensive collections of M. truncatula ecotypes — natural geographic variants — exist, and mutant collections are readily produced by physical (fast neutron) and transposonmediated mutagenesis. M. truncatula is also host to Sinorhizobium meliloti, a rhizobium species...

The plant growth regulator BM was formulated to stimulate seed production and fruit growth. In this study, it was hypothesized that the addition of BM would increase levels of polyamines for seed induction and have a direct benefit of improving fertilization and seed set in cotton. This benefit may enhance yield under extreme environmental conditions when endogenous polyamines content is reduced.

For many species of conservation significance, multiple factors limit reproduction. This research examines the contributions of plant height, number of flowers, number of stems, pollen limitation and seed predation to female reproductive success in the deceit-pollinated orchid, Cypripedium candidum. The deceptive pollination strategy employed by many orchids often results in high levels of poll...

The problem of Byzantine Broadcast (BB) and Byzantine Agreement (BA) are of interest to both distributed computing and cryptography community. Often, these primitives require prohibitive communication and round complexity. The extension protocols have been introduced to handle long messages at the cost of small number of broadcasts for bit. The latter are referred to as seed broadcasts and the ...

This paper presents a new pixel labeling algorithm for complex histology image segmentation. For each image pixel, a Gaussian mixture model is applied to estimate its neighborhood intensity distributions. With this local distribution fitting, a set of pixels having a full set of source classes (e.g. nuclei, stroma, connective tissue, and background) in their neighborhoods are identified as the ...

The search for intersected cells in isocontouring can be accelerated using suitable range query data structures, such as the interval tree or segment tree. The storage overhead of such search structures can be significantly reduced by searching over a subset of the cells S, called a seed set, which contains at least one cell per connected component of every isocontour. We present three algorith...

The seed coat is involved in the determination of seed quality traits such as seed size, seed composition, seed permeability, and hormonal regulation. Understanding seed coat structure is therefore a prerequisite to deciphering the genetic mechanisms that govern seed coat functions. By combining histological and transcriptomic data analyses, cellular and molecular events occurring during Medica...

The magnitude of inbreeding depression within populations is important for the evolution and maintenance of mixed mating systems. However, data are sparse on the magnitude of inbreeding depression in Robinia pseudoacacia. In this study, we compared differences in the mature seed set per fruit, seed mass, germination success, and seedling growth between self- and cross-pollination treatments and...

Iso-surface extraction is one of the most important approaches for volume rendering, and iso-contouring is one of the most effective methods for iso-surface extraction. Unlike most other methods having their search domain to be the whole dataset, iso-contouring does its search only on a relatively small subset of the original data-set. This subset, called a seed-set, has the property that every...