the effects of plant densities (25, 35 and 45 plants m-2 as d1, d2 and d3 respectively), and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria (without rhizobium, with rhizobium and rhizobium + microelement application), on growth and yield were studied in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). experiment was carried out in 2008 at research farm of the faculty of agriculture of university of mohaghegh ardabil, a fac...

this study was carried out in order to identify the effects of soil water depletion (swd) on monogerm sugar beet (cv. shirin) seed growth trend at different growth stages. an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications in ardebil agricultural research station. during 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons, nine treatments including control (irrigation aft...

Seed size is a component of grain yield and an important trait in crop domestication. To understand the mechanisms governing seed size in maize (Zea mays), we examined transcriptional and developmental changes during seed development in populations divergently selected for large and small seed size from Krug, a yellow dent maize cultivar. After 30 cycles of selection, seeds of the large seed po...

In plants, genes may disperse through both pollen and seeds. Here we provide a first theoretical study of the mechanisms and consequences of the joint evolution of pollen and seed dispersal. We focus on hermaphroditic self-compatible species distributed in structured populations, assuming island dispersal of pollen and seeds among small patches of plants within large populations. Three traits a...

In the paper, a 2 µm high energy fs fiber laser is presented based on Tm doped fiber at a low repetition rate. The seed laser was designed to generate pulse train at 2 µm at a pulse repetition rate of 2.5 MHz. The low repetition rate seed oscillator eliminated extra devices such as AO pulse picker. Two-stage fiber amplifier was used to boost pulse energy to 0.65 µJ with chirped pulse amplificat...

In order to determine the optimum rate of Vigna sun-hum seed sowing for rangeland rehabilitation in sandy soil of North Kordofan, Sudan, two trials were conducted separately under managed and unmanaged conditions at El-obeid Agricultural Research Farm in Sheikan locality of North Kordofan State in 2015 and 2016. Seed rates were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Kg/feddan (4200m) and arranged by a Completely Ran...

This study presents a combined pneumatic seed-metering device (SMD) that could not only fill, carry, and meter seeds, but also switch quickly between seed-metering and seed-cleaning modes, and clean seeds thoroughly and rapidly. The seed-filling, seed-carrying, and seed-metering modes of the SMD were analyzed based on a theoretical kinematic model. Furthermore, a three-factor, three-level ortho...