In this study, anesthetic effects of five different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ml/L) and clove oil (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 ml/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied at temperatures 7, 13 and 18ºC. For this purpose, 900 fish (39.08 ± 1.13 g and 15.48 ± 0.21 cm) were used in the experiment. Induction time of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove o...

Introduction: To study the effect of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent male rats. Methods: Adult male rats were divided randomly into four groups: control (G1), received morphine (G2), received morphine and treated by clove (G3) and only treated by clove (G4). The rats were administered increasing doses of morphine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml), each dose being administered for two days,...

Seed size is a key determinant of evolutionary fitness, and is also one of the most important components of seed yield. In angiosperms, seed development begins with double fertilization, which leads to the formation of a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm. The outermost layer of the seed is the seed coat, which differentiates from maternal integuments. Therefore, the size of a seed is dete...

Aim To provide the first global quantification of the slope and shape of the latitudinal gradient in seed mass, and to determine whether global patterns in seed mass are best explained by growth form, vegetation type, seed dispersal syndrome, or net primary productivity (NPP).

to determine the effect of seed size of sugar beet cultivars on germination and seedling vigor, a study was conducted as a 4×6 factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 4 replications at seed and plant certification and registration institute, karaj in 2013. the treatments were toucan, dorotea, rasta, sharif, pars, and torbat cultivars and four seed width sizes including 2...

objective: the beneficial effects of clove on toothache have been well documented. we have also previously shown the analgesic effects of clove essential oil. the present work was done to investigate the analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of clove using hot plate test. the possible role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effects of clove was also investigated using naloxone. materials a...

Objective: Considering the emergence of biofilm-associated pathogens with multidrug resistance, the objective(s) of the present study was to evaluate the anti-virulence property of Syzygium aromaticum extracts/fractions against 2 multidrug-resistant catheter isolates. Materials and Methods: Pulverized clove buds were subjected to bioactivity-guided isolation to identify the bioactive extract/fr...

Good for you for thinking carefully about the potential similarities between clove cigarettes and regular cigarettes, as many people may think they are quite different. In fact, clove cigarettes (which some people believe are safer and more natural than regular cigarettes), also called kreteks, do contain tobacco ? and quite a bit, at that! Limiting your exposure to addictive substances like to...

Authors' A University Oncology F 3Division o Health, Uni