OBJECTIVE One of the best known side effects of using opium is spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, which may increase the diameter of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Ultrasound is the first imaging modality used for evaluating the biliary system because it is commonly available and noninvasive. The principal objective of this study was to measure the common bile duct (CBD) diameter via ultrasonography...

Introduction: The anatomy of the area surrounding the porta hepatis is fraught with variations which often do have a strong embryological basis. Usually the right and the left hepatic duct meet at the porta hepatis to form the common hepatic duct, however considerable difference exists with respect to the number of ducts forming the confluence and the site of the same. Aim: To examine the confl...

resulting into the parallel or spiral type. In the parallel type, the 2 ducts are usually joined with fibrous tissue which might express great difficulty in their exposure and separation during cholecystectomy. The ratio of the spiral type of junction was slightly lower than that found in America (8%), but markedly lower than that reported in Britain which equaled to 25%. The liver seemed to be...

Abstract The aim of the current article is to evaluate ways disposing medications in disuse adopted by population Itapetininga City, São Paulo State, Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out with 182 subjects who attended health facilities. It was performed through a questionnaire about disposal medication kept “home pharmacies”. In total, 2.7% respondents properly disposed (delivery facilitie...

The enzyme 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 plays a major role in blood pressure regulation. It metabolizes glucocorticoid hormones into derivatives with low affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, preventing its permanent occupancy by circulating cortisol, which is 100- to 1000-fold more abundant than aldosterone in the plasma. Inactivating mutations of the enzyme result in sev...

background: in the present study, the submandibularsalivary gland microscopic morphology of the adult africangiant pouched rat was investigated. this study was carried out toprovide the basic histology of this organ in the giant pouched rat,to accompany the dearth of information of its microscopicarchitecture in the available literature. this becomes of evenhigher importance when considering th...

Dynamic resource availability leads to trade-offs among functions in plants. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts greater allocation of carbon defense than growth when resources are scarce, with optimum production occurring at a point between the minimum and maximum rates. While GDBH has been widely tested, consideration phenotypic variation rates for which is traded wh...

A conspicuous feature of the cirrhosis that is produced by butter yellow is the new formation of bile ducts that sprout from ducts of the larger portal spaces and penetrate between "portal units" to anastomose with liver cell columns at the periphery of these units. Hyperplasia of the liver may occur with butter yellow administration in the absence of cirrhosis or other change associated with w...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of percutaneous one-channel double stent implantation on hilar biliary obstruction involving both hepatic ducts and its clinical value. A total of 8 patients with hilar biliary obstruction involving the left and right hepatic ducts were enrolled. A percutaneous unilateral approach was adopted. Two stents were implanted, one between the left and r...