The synthesis of "very low" density lipoprotein in liver cells is characterized by the fact that the synthesized products, mostly triglycerides, are processed in the form of discrete, size-limited granules or globules, about 400 A in diameter. The present investigation has been made possible in part by the use of a fixative (OsO(4) in bidistilled H(2)O at pH 6.0, in the absence of electrolytes)...

Pseudogaurax Malloch is a worldwide genus of Chloropidae with 33 species in the Neotropical region and 12 occurring Brazil. The well-known for feeding habits its larvae which attack egg masses several arthropods, usually breeding sacs spiders. In this study, we expanded distribution P. cingulatus to northern Brazil recorded first time preying on Tetragnatha sacs. addition, diagnosis, digital im...

Diverticular disease occurs when diverticula, small pouches or sacs, develop in weak spots found in the walls of the colon. Depending on the state of these sacs, two conditions may result: diverticulosis or diverticulitis. The condition is referred to as diverticulosis if the small sacs do not become inflamed or bleed. Many cases are asymptomatic, but some people may experience cramping, bloati...

Blind source separation problems are difficult because they are inherently unidentifiable, yet the entire goal is to identify meaningful sources. We introduce a way of incorporating domain knowledge into this problem, called signal aggregate constraints (SACs). SACs encourage the total signal for each of the unknown sources to be close to a specified value. This is based on the observation that...

fasciolosis diagnosis, due to low sensitivity of coprological diagnostic method has been challenging for a long period. in this study, dot-elisa, one of the simplest and the most sensitive tests in this regard, was evaluated using excretory-secretory antigens of fasciola hepatica to diagnose human fasciolosis three groups consisting of patients infected with fasciolosis (n= 95), patients with o...

The fine structure of the Golgi apparatus during development of carposporangia of Gigartina teedii has been studied. Dictyosomes in differentiating carposporangia undergo extraordinary changes in size and morphology. Dictyosomes of gonimoblast cells and the auxiliary cell are composed of a stack of 5-7 straight cisternae and are approximately o-i8/tm thick; from the structural and functional vi...

In the vertebrate-dwelling adults of the digenetic trematodes spermatogenesis and oogenesis are not fundamentally different from these processes in other metazoan groups. The fertilized ovum in the egg develops directly into the miracidium which contains in its body cavity a varying number of germinal cells. After entering the molluscan intermediate host the miracidium metamorphoses into the pr...

Species accumulation curves (SACs) chart the increase in recovery of new species as a function of some measure of sampling effort. Studies of parasite diversity can benefit from the application of SACs, both as empirical tools to guide sampling efforts and predict richness, and because their properties are informative about community patterns and the structure of parasite diversity. SACs can be...

This paper investigates the acoustic effect of supralaryngeal air sacs on the range of sounds that a given vocal tract can generate. Humans do not have supralaryngeal air sacs, whereas apes (chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas) do. It has also been found that the anatomy of the hyoid bone of Neanderthals (the Kebara hyoid) is consistent with the absence of air sacs, while that of Australopithe...

Parent birds of many species eat the fecal sacs produced by their nestlings. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain why the parents ingest, rather than simply remove the sacs. (1) The parental nutrition hypothesis proposes that the parent benefits energetically or nutritionally from ingesting the sacs (Morton 1979, Gliick 1988); and (2) the economic disposal hypothesis postulates that par...