In this paper, we study the problem of processing continuous range queries in a hierarchical wireless sensor network. Recently, as the size of sensor networks increases due to the growth of ubiquitous computing environments and wireless networks, building wireless sensor networks in a hierarchical configuration is put forth as a practical approach. Contrasted with the traditional approach of bu...

In this paper, we present a two-tiered scheduling approach for effective energy conservation in wireless sensor networks. The effectiveness of this mechanism relies on dynamically updated two-tiered scheduling architecture. We aim to prolong network lifetime, while preserving the major requirements of wireless sensor networks: coverage and connectivity. In this approach, sensors are periodicall...

The development sector’s adoption of private sector logics and practices has seen donors increasingly disburse funds using aid chains. Aid chains consist at least two nodes, with work subcontracted from to organizations socially geographically closer beneficiaries. enable “ethics dumping,” where subcontracting facilitates higher-tier actors distancing themselves the messy engaging in politics i...

In this research we focus on the Tyndall 25mm and 10mm nodes energy-aware topology management to extend sensor network lifespan and optimise node power consumption. The two tiered Tyndall Heterogeneous AutomatedWireless Sensors (THAWS) tool is used to quickly create and configure application-specific sensor networks. To this end, we propose to implement a distributed route discovery algorithm a...

AIM Debate continues as to whether decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an effective treatment for severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). DC is mostly used as a second tier treatment option. The aim of this study was determined whether early bilateral DC is effective as a first tier treatment option in patients with STBI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study compared two groups. Group 1 comprised 36 ST...

This article presents issues associated with the implementation of a three-tier response to intervention (RTI) approach with English-language learners (ELLs). Instructional and assessment considerations are discussed particularly as they pertain to issues of language and literacy development. Opportunities for collaboration among bilingual education, English as a second language, and general ed...

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase is the presumptive replicative helicase in archaea and eukaryotes. The archaeal homomultimeric MCM has a two-tier structure. One tier contains the AAA+ motor domains of the proteins, and these are the minimal functional helicase domains. The second tier is formed by the N-terminal domains. These domains are not essential for MCM helicase activity bu...

This paper investigates the factors influencing the effectiveness of second-tier rural producer organizations (RPO) in linking their members to output markets in Uganda. Effectiveness of an RPO is expressed as the percentage of farmer members who used the RPO for marketing some of their production in 2009. To identify factors that influence RPO effectiveness, a censored least absolute deviation...

This paper discusses the importance of internal service quality (ISQ) in the service industry. A three-tiered conceptual model of ISQ is developed based on the literature review. The first tier of our proposed model is the determinant of ISQ. The second tier, which is the centre of the model, is ISQ. The third tier of the model is the consequences of ISQ; that is trust, employee turnover, and f...