which connict with them are activated. Thus, in example a) of Figure 5, new values for feasible and preferred intervals of Pier-width are found by propagating the constraint from Beam-depth. Preferences represent optimal values, and the closer the value is to the preference the better the criterion is adhered to. When preferences are in connict, they are therefore not dropped, but weakened so t...

Throughout the lifespan of a bridge, morphological changes in riverbed affect variable action-imposed loads on structure. This emphasizes need for accurate and reliable data that can be used model-based projections targeted identification risk associated with bridge failure induced by scour. The aim this paper is to provide an analysis scour depth estimation large sand-bed rivers under clear wa...

Abstract Employment of protective structures is vital for reducing the effect local scour created surrounding bridge piers. One most effective used controlling and piers collars. Hence, research on mechanism scouring combination pier collar as well reduction great significance. In this study, various width-to-pier width ratios parameters rectangular has been investigated experimentally in 180-d...

In this paper, submerged vanes were placed at the upstream area of a bridge pier located at the 90 degree angle. Then, using the laboratory equipment, a study of flow pattern was conducted throughout the bend, specifically around the pier and submerged vanes. ADV velocimeter was incorporated in order to help measure 3D velocity components. Submerged vanes were installed at distances of 40 and 6...

Abstract Large debris transported by flood affects scour features at bridge piers and increases the risks of structural failure. Geometric characteristics relative position pier with respect to river bank are important parameters for process. The interaction between water flow accumulation shear stress, turbulence consequently enhances depth pier. This paper aims analyzing such effects on evolu...