This paper traces the development of critical rationality and rationally defined intelligence from ancient times through to the present. The idea of intelligence will be situated within a civilisational perspective, and in particular the western rationalist hegemony. Thus the development of western theories of mind is first traced, up until the beginnings of the modern era. Then seminal relevan...

Abstract In the face of ever escalating global socioecological crises, necessity radical systemic transformations has gained increasing political and academic traction over last decade, among others in context ‘green’ bio-based economies. We draw on works philosophers Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe Judith Butler to develop a typology transformational dynamics. this typology, word transformation...

due to the british hegemony of iran in both pre- and post-constitutional revolutionary periods (1906-1911), the iranian legal system was expected to be influenced by british common law following the establishment of the modern government after the revolution. but it did not happen for various legal and non-legal reasons. a major legal reason could be iranians’ long history of acquaintance with ...

this article explain unsuccessful iranian intellectuals' attempts in the fields of thoughts and politics through surveying ideas of ehsan tabari and jalal ale-ahmad. it tries to show that theirs ideas have been under hegemony of political formalism; so their naïve attitudes has converted their thought to an ideology which serve to political aims based on a political formalism. this article...