OBJECTIVE To examine the independent association between physical activity and subclinical cerebrovascular disease as measured by silent brain infarcts (SBI) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). METHODS The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) is a population-based prospective cohort examining risk factors for incident vascular disease, and a subsample underwent brain MRI. Our primary o...

In pathogens, the accurate programming of virulence gene expression is essential for infection. It is achieved by sophisticated arrays of regulatory proteins and ribonucleic acids (sRNAs), but in many cases their contributions and connections are not yet known. Based on genetic, biochemical and structural evidence, we report that the expression pattern of a Staphylococcus aureus host immune eva...

BACKGROUND Screening and brief interventions (SBI) in primary healthcare are cost-effective in risky drinkers, yet they are not offered to all eligible patients. This qualitative study aimed to provide more insight into the factors and mechanisms of why, how, for whom and under what circumstances implementation strategies work or do not work in increasing SBI. METHODS Semi-structured intervie...

Iatrogenic brain injury inevitably occurs in neurosurgical operations, leading to brain edema, ischemia, intracranial hematoma, and other postoperative complications, eventually worsening neurological outcomes of patients. If apoptotic cells are not rapidly eliminated by phagocytic engulfment, they may communicate with surrounding cells to undergo secondary necrosis and releasing toxic signals....

Can progesterone be a better alternative to dexamethasone for use in routine brain surgery? Surgical brain injury (SBI) is a form of brain trauma caused by various forms of neurosurgical interventions including brain tumor excision, evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage and brain lobectomy (e.g., in epilepsy surgery). Cerebral edema and brain swelling typically occurs soon after SBI and common...

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with severe bacterial infection (SBI) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients during treatment with bortezomib-based regimens. A total of 98 patients with MM were evaluated during 427 treatment courses. SBI occurred in 57.1% (56/98) of the patients and during 19.0% (81/427) of the treatment courses. In the multivariate analysis for the...

Dietary immunoglobulin concentrates prepared from animal plasma can modulate the immune response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Previous studies have revealed that supplementation with serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) ameliorates colonic barrier alterations in the mdr1a-/- genetic mouse model of IBD. Here, we examine the effects of SBI on mucosal inflammation...

Severe non-AIDS bacterial infections (SBI) are the leading cause of hospital admissions among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in industrialized countries. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SBI and their risk factors in a large prospective cohort of PLHIV patients over a 13-year period in France. Patients followed up in the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort between 2000 and 2012 were eligible; SBI wa...

In 1961, Chafetz [1] reported the results of a randomized trial of brief advice by a psychiatrist to patients with alcoholism in the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) emergency department (ED); 42% of patients in the advice arm reported to an alcohol clinic versus only 1% in the control group. Fifty years later, in the Liberty Hotel, the same space as the former Charles Street Jail in Boston...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the role of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) in the mouse model of surgical brain injury (SBI). METHODS C57BL mice were administered 100% oxygen for 1 hour at 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 5 consecutive days and subjected to SBI. Neurological status and brain edema were evaluated at 24 hours and 72 hours...