The interpretation of electron spectroscopy data is often complicated by the presence of satellites. These satellites are either due to different final states reached after the excitation (intrinsic satellites) or due to energy loss experienced by the escaping electron on its way out the target (extrinsic satellites). Unravelling these two contributions in an unambiguous way is difficult. In th...

GNSS augmentation systems that provide integrity guarantees to users typically assume that all GNSS satellites have the same failure probability. The assumed failure probability is conservative such that variations among satellites in a given GNSS constellation are not expected to violate this assumption. A study of unscheduled GPS satellite outages from 1999 to present shows that, as expected,...

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) LEO environmental satellites provide continuous coverage of Earth, supplying high-resolution global meteorological, oceanic and space observation data. In addition, these satellites are part of the international COSPAS – SARSAT program, which aides search and rescue teams worldwide. The USA segment, referred to as SARSAT (Search and Rescue ...

The Chemical Release Observation (CRO) program developed three small satellites that were deployed from the Shuttle on flight STS-39. These were small experimental satellites built with a minimum of paperwork. while meeting all the necessary NASAISTS requirements. Each satellite contained a chemical (either hydrazine or an oxidizer) which was released on ground command. The satellites were appr...

In this paper, we address the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) in which freight is delivered from depots to intermediary satellites, from where it is delivered to customers. Different from other multi-level problems, the focus in 2E-VRP is on the global routing costs of the overall network. 2E-VRP has been recently introduced and, to our knowledge, there are no studies of the impact...

The considerable surge in satellite constellations has brought to the fore the imperative need for an efficient satellite constellation management plan. To address this emerging need, GMV has analyzed the possible strategies for constellation launch, set-up, replacement of failed satellites and end-of-life policy. The constellation launch and deployment has been divided into the launch site and...

detection of stealth targets calls for employment of high-power radars which itself relies on usage of high-gain antennas like large parabolic reflectors. in the past few years, using of an array with many small reflectors instead of a large reflector antenna has been considered. this method provides enhanced eirp by a factor of n2 where n is the number of array antennas. regarding improvement ...

We report on accurate BVRI photometry for the two Uranus irregular satellites Sycorax and Caliban. We derive colours, showing that Sycorax is bluer than Caliban. Our data allows us to detect a significant variability in the Caliban’s light-curve, which suggests an estimated period of about 3 hours. Despite it is the brighter of the two bodies, Sycorax does not display a strong statistically sig...

The effects of androgens on male-typical traits suggest that variation among males in circulating levels can play a major role in sexual selection. We examined whether variation in vocal attractiveness is attributable to differences in androgen levels among Great Plains toads (Bufo cognatus). We found that noncalling "satellite" males practicing an alternative mating tactic were more likely to ...

To elucidate the role of centriolar satellites in ciliogenesis, we deleted the gene encoding the PCM1 protein, an integral component of satellites. PCM1 null human cells show marked defects in ciliogenesis, precipitated by the loss of specific proteins from satellites and their relocation to centrioles. We find that an amino-terminal domain of PCM1 can restore ciliogenesis and satellite localiz...