The two ancient civilizations of Iran and India, due to their long-standing cultural, political and economic relations, have had a relative cognition of each other's identity, which has, over time, become more logical, complete, and at times symbolic. Undoubtedly, in order to understand the history of Iran and India in ancient times and how these two nations interacted, we must inevitably find ...

1. introduction one of the features of oral poetry in aryan-indo-european tribes is the usage of epithets in their epic and religious works. after conducting research in oral poetry in yugoslavia and comparing results with literary features of iliad and odyssey, researchers concluded that these epithets along with the name of characters are based on formulas. homer had learned these formulas fr...

Taşkesen (Dashkasan), located in the Zanjan region Iran, 15 km from center of city Sultaniye, was built on rocky slope a hill overlooking Safid Mountain and plains below. The structure, which by carving into rock, has monumental appearance is quite ruined today. There are iwans niches with muqarnas side walls building, consists square courtyard rectangular section. In addition, east, west south...

When Islam had offered a new perspective both politically and intellectually to the humanity at beginning of 7th century, Muslims have conquered important, antique, cultural centers like Damascus (15 / 636), Aleppo (h.16) Antioch (h.17) in short period time. While was quickly spreading wide geographic area, works which contains knowledge ancient cultures civilizations were translated into Arabi...

bardsir region is one of the richest regions of metallic deposits, especially copper, in the east of iranian plateau. most of the metallic deposits in bardsir region are located on the western and southwestern parts, in k?h panj area. some of the mines have been exploited since prehistoric times through historic to islamic periods. the data presented here are collected during the second season ...

the vegetation covering of a region has a direct correlation with climate. so if data is available for vegetation cover, the second variable (climate) can be easily predicted and in reverse. the dominant species in a region are indication of its climatic conditions and vice versa. accordingly, this is of significance in the science of historical botany. fortunately, from the first millennium ad...

water has been perfectly respectable in ancient persia. there was some god to preserve and protect the water. among of them anahita was considered the most popular. anahita statues and popularity could be seen by surveys of the iranian ancient art works. no doubt, the most important factor is the permanent presence of anahita comeback to the existence and continuity of mythological and religiou...

feasts and festivals are ceremonies held by various peoples and nations in order to put on display their indigenous and unique cultures. persian peoples, too, have their own unique and peculiar customs while celebrating norooz festival, just like arabs who observe their own festivities during eid al-fitr and eid al-adha or the beginning of the lunar calendar or year; and so do christians, jews,...

the ancient iranian prophet, manese, rose in the early days of the establishment of the sassanid empire. by mixing the customs and rituals of various religions such as christianity, judaism, buddhism and hinduism, it easily managed to approach the different nations in every region around iran and gather a large number of following. through intense opposition by the zoroastrian magi, however, ma...