Artificial reefs, including purposefully sunken vessels, are widely regarded as significant ecological assets (Pickering et al. 1998; Baine 2001; Svane & Petersen 2001). The ecological values of artificial reefs encompass primarily the creation of habitat and the provision of refugia from commercial fishing (Santos et al. 2005; Boaventura et al. 2006; Moura et al. 2006; Ramos et al. 2006). Epib...

Regarding our article on the association of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk, Bowen et al, Froehner and Wirth, Leow et al, and Brady et al highlight a number of significant considerations that will prove important in the design of future studies that investigate the association of ADT and Alzheimer’s disease. We agree with Bowen et al and Leow et al tha...

“Pathogen effector” has been increasingly used in the past decades in the plant-pathogen interactions (Hogenhout et al., 2009).Presently, the definition of pathogen effector commonly adopted the definition given by Sophien Kamoun, that is, effectors are ‘molecules that manipulate host cell structure and function, thereby facilitating infection (virulence factors or toxins) and/or triggering def...

Malignant glioblastoma multiform (GBM, WHO grade IV) are the most malignant and prevalent intracranial tumor providing for well over one half of all gliomas (Hoffman et al., 2006; Schneider et al., 2010). GBM is characterized by a rapid growth and short time to progression in most treated patients. Current therapeutic modalities include surgical resection, radio-surgical or external irradiation...

Continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis has been associated with various detrimental clinical outcomes such as shorter survival (Videtic et al., 2003; Fox et al., 2004; Sardari Nia et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2006; Nguyenet al., 2010; Parsonset al., 2010; Kenfield, et al., 2011); increased risk of tumor recurrence or development of secondary malignancies (Do et al., 2003; Kawaguchi et al....

Collection is a core building block for many sensor network applications. In its simplest use, collection provides an unreliable, datagram routing service that deployments use to gather data [Werner-Allen et al. 2006; Mainwaring et al. 2002; Tolle et al. 2005]. A natural and efficient way to implement collection is by using a tree topology rooted at one or more collection points. Such trees are...

1.1 Anxiety Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders with a worldwide lifetime prevalence of 16-29% (Kessler et al., 2005; Somers et al., 2006). People with anxiety disorders are likely to suffer from depression and drug (or alcohol) abuse in an effort to gain relief from their symptoms, therefore, eliciting secondary disorders (Kessler et al., 2005). Although each subtype (i...

introduction: numerous studies have investigated the prevalence, incidence and clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists). however, little is known about gists in iran. this pioneer study focuses on description of 36 patients with gists in iran. methods: a database was created for 36 patients suffering from gist who were treated in loghman medical center and tehran cance...