People are justified to be original but it could hinder people from their freedom as stated by Jean-Paul Sartre. The Laugher is Heinrich Böll’s short story of someone whose job laugh in various platforms. His laughter must heard his own life full pessimistic conditions. Then, how may being authentic contested through Laugher? Through qualitative method on cultural studies, this paper puts tensi...

Pour Sartre, il n’y a littérature que s’il y style, et le style ne peut être atteint par des réécritures successives. Ce qui distinguerait texte littéraire, ce serait donc d’abord la spécificité de sa genèse : on écrit, relit, biffe, récrit. La première partie cette étude décrit les modalités prises travail d’ajustement stylistique dans brouillons Jean-Paul Sartre oppose protocole rédactionnel ...

Jean-Paul Sartre, one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, wrote in his philosophical works about a pessimism that is the result of the plight of human beings in the modem world. He claimed that any authentic human being knows that his or her acts are ultimately htde in the face of death and the absurdity of existence.' As with God, human beings create worlds upon worl...

2 Are we what are made to be or do we choose what we are? We choose who we are within what we are made to be Jean-Paul Sartre International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of IDEA, its Board, its Council members or other organizations involved in its production. Printouts of...