Sambucus nigra agglutinin I (SNA-I) is a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to mimic the conversion of the highly active B-chain of fruit-specific SNA (SNA-If) into the completely inactive B-chain of the closely related and naturally occurring loss-of-activity mutant called S. nigra agglutinin lectin-related protein. In the first mutant SNA-If-M1 the high-a...

Groves are of ecological importance, but can reduce the productivity of pastures. They may be used by cattle for nutrition as well as for comfort and shelter. To describe the importance and to estimate the influence of cattle on groves, the behavior of cattle around trees and shrubs was observed on six semi-open pastures in the mountain range of Thuringia and the Southern Black Forest (Germany)...

Communication mediates interactions between organisms and can be based on signals or cues. Signals are selected for their signaling function, whereas cues evolve for reasons other than signaling. To be evolutionarily stable, communication needs to be reliable on average, but the mechanisms that enforce reliability are hotly debated in light of strong environmental influence on signals and cues....

This paper presents the results of an ethnobotanical study centred in veterinarian uses in two Catalan Pyrenean regions (Alt Empordà -AE- and High River Ter Valley -AT-, Iberian peninsula) and two Balearic Islands areas (Formentera -FO- and northeastern Mallorca -MA-). In the areas studied, 97 plant species have been claimed to be useful for veterinary purposes. A total of 306 veterinary use re...

This paper discusses the features of flavonoid complexes accumulation in fruits some fruit and berry crops that have been grown conditions Botanical Garden Samara University. The objects this study are such as Ampelopsis glandulosa Elegans, Morus alba L., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.), Sambucus nigra L. Mature were collected autumn 2021 by staff to these plants for flavonoids. They kept fro...

OBJECTIVES Giardia (G.) lamblia is a parasite that causes giardiasis in humans and other mammals. The common treatment produces unpleasant side effects. The ethnopharmacology for management of parasitic infections accelerates and guides the search for new chemical objects. This study assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity of Sambucus (S.) ebulus fruit against Cysts of G. lamblia. MATERIALS AND ME...

NACHEVA, I., K. ALEKSIEVA, K. DIMOV, D. MITEVA and Tsv. TSVETKOV, 2013. Identification of gamma irradiated lyophilized forest fruits by EPR Spectroscopy. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 293-297 The objective of the present study was to prove the radiation treatment of a set of lyophilized forest fruits (blackberry, blueberry, aronia, strawberry and black elder), irradiated with doses of 2 and 4 kGy b...

BACKGROUND Elder neglect accounts for over 70% of all adult protective services reports in the nation annually, and it has been estimated that there are over 70,000 new cases each year. The purpose of this study was to conduct elder neglect research in the emergency department (ED), using a dyadic vulnerability/risk-profiling framework for elder neglect. METHODS Patients were recruited throug...

This work was initiated to develop a simple, quick, and reliable UHPLC-PDA-MS method identify chemical markers for authentication compare fruit samples of four elder species, Sambucus nigra, S. ebulus, canadensis, cerulea. The UHPLC showed an adequate separation 11 compounds including anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids in berries the species. Quantification, detection limits, precision, a...