Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels are expressed in almost all mammalian tissues and play critical roles in the control of excitability. Pancreatic ATP-sensitive K (KATP) channels are key regulators of insulin secretion and comprise Kir6.2 subunits coupled to sulfonylurea receptors. Because these channels are reversibly inhibited by cytoplasmic ATP, they link cellular metabolism with mem...

The present bridge network in Quebec includes approximately 9000 bridges of different types and represents a 9 billion dollars asset. Many bridges show signs of deterioration well before the end of the design life, supposedly between 50 to 100 years. Truck loading has increased by more than 40% in the past 40 years, and bridges have not been reinforced in order to comply with the new codes. The...

absorbed in the atmosphere, the NIR water vapor bands. Thus, we see no way of defending Stephen's statement that conclusions based on broad-band measurements (1) are inconsistent with other existing data sets where discrepancies were found to occur between measurements in spectral bands and theory. Instead, the broad-band solar absorption findings presented in our report (1) are entirely consis...

absorbed in the atmosphere, the NIR water vapor bands. Thus, we see no way of defending Stephen's statement that conclusions based on broad-band measurements (1) are inconsistent with other existing data sets where discrepancies were found to occur between measurements in spectral bands and theory. Instead, the broad-band solar absorption findings presented in our report (1) are entirely consis...

To understand further, and to utilize, the interactions across protein-protein interfaces, we carried out an analysis of the hydrogen bonds and of the salt bridges in a collection of 319 non-redundant protein-protein interfaces derived from high-quality X-ray structures. We found that the geometry of the hydrogen bonds across protein interfaces is generally less optimal and has a wider distribu...

This paper reports an active mixing method using polyelectrolytic salt bridge-based electrode (PSBE). The PSBE is a key embedded unit in a microchip device that can mix a fluid stream using an ionic current perpendicular to the main stream. The PSBEs were fabricated by employing a photopolymerization technique with an aqueous monomer solution containing diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC...

The structural evolution of ubiquitin after transfer into the gas phase was studied by electron capture dissociation. Site-specific fragment yields show that ubiquitin's solution fold is overall unstable in the gas phase, but unfolding caused by loss of solvent is slowest in regions stabilized by salt bridges.