In this study, we assessed the combined effect of Cd concentration and salinity, on Cd uptake and mortality rate of Littorina littorea, collected along a salinity and pollution gradient in the Western Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Animals kept at their field salinity levels were exposed to three Cd concentrations (i.e. 10, 40 and 320 microM), while animals kept in 10 microM of Cd were subj...

The energy requirements for desalination have made it an expensive process, however, is still a viable and cost-effective means of water purification amidst freshwater scarcity. management disposal brine external extra cost due to the effect on environment. integration Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) with Reverse (RO) technique as modelled in this paper enhances management. fed back into PRO un...

The effect of acclimation salinity and salinity changes on the concentration of high-energy phosphate metabolites and arginine kinase (AK) flux was examined in vivo in juvenile blue crabs using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Crabs were acclimated for 7 days to a salinity of 5 or 35 per thousand and then placed in a flow apparatus that could sustain the animals while NMR spectra were acqu...

Salinity gradient energy is a prominent alternative and maintainable source, which has considerable potential. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) one of the most widely studied methods to extract this energy. Despite progress in research, optimization RED process still ongoing. In study, effects number membrane pairs, ratio salinity feed velocity on power generation via reverse system were investiga...

The need to assess the environmental status of marine and coastal waters according to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) encouraged the design of specific biotic indices to evaluate the response of benthic communities to human-induced changes in water quality. In the present study three of these indices, the traditional Shannon Wiener Index (H') and the more recently published AMBI (AZTI' M...

Environmental data collected along 92.5 o E between 2.7 o N and 12.77 o N during late winter show a permanent sound velocity maximum around 75 m and an intermediate minimum between 1350 m and 1750 m. The axis of the deep sound channel is noticed around 1700 m. The shallower axial depth (~1350 m) between 7.5 o N and 10.5 o N coincides with the cyclonic eddy. Within the sonic layer (SLD), Eastern...