Mandibular third molars are the most common impacted teeth. Mandibular first and second molars do not share the same frequency of occurrence. In rare cases the occlusal surfaces of impacted molars are united by the same follicular space and the roots pointing in opposite direction; these are called kissing molars. In some cases, a supernumerary fourth molar can be seen as unerupted and, in this...

Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous and provoked pain and other signs reflecting neural damage. Aberrant regeneration following peripheral nerve lesions leaves neurons unusually sensitive and prone to spontaneous pathological activity, abnormal excitability and heightened sensitivity to stimuli. This review covers the current understanding of neuropathic pain after bilateral sagitt...

OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment effects and long-term stability of the stepwise Herbst appliance and mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in skeletal Class II adult patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects comprised 16 patients in the Herbst group and another 16 patients in the surgery (mandibular sagittal split osteotomy) group. Lateral head films were taken before treatment (T0), after re...

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the dentoskeletal effects and facial profile changes as well as the mechanism of Class II correction in adult Class II subjects treated by surgical mandibular advancement in combination with orthodontics. The subject material comprised 46 adults with a Class II, division 1 malocclusion treated by nonextraction with a mandibular sagittal split oste...

A 26-year, 9-month-old woman had chief complaints of mandibular protrusion and facial asymmetry. Extraoral examination indicated mandibular deviation to the left side, severe facial asymmetry, and a concave profile. Because the patient had a vertical maxillary height difference and an occlusal plane cant together with maxillary retrusion, a differential downgraft and advancement surgery with Le...

Orthognathic surgical procedures have been developed to reposition the jaws and have been traditionally used in the dentate patient to correct a skeletal malocclusion; these procedures are usually carried out with orthodontic control of the dentition to produce the best results. The majority of the clinical cases of maxillary deformities can be solved by three basic os‐ teotomies: the LeFort I ...