Lactic fermentation and respiration are important metabolic pathways on which life is based. Here, the rate of entropy in a cell associated to fermentation and respiration processes in glucose catabolism of living systems is calculated. This is done for both internal and external heat and matter transport according to a thermodynamic approach based on Prigogine’s formalism. It is shown that the...

One of the most basic problems of information theory 1] is that of source coding. A source is by deenition a mechanism that produces messages over a nite alphabet A, a message of length n being conventionally denoted by x n 1 = (x 1 ; : : : ; x n). A code C is a translation mechanism (an injective function, an algorithm) that, for each n, takes as input a message from A n and transforms it into...

The purpose of this work is to precise and complete one recently proposed in the literature and relative to a general criterion to maximize the first law efficiency of irreversible heat engines. It is shown that the previous proposal seems to be a particular case. A new proposal has been developed for a Carnot irreversible thermomechanical heat engine at steady state associated to two infinite ...

Maximum entropy principle does not seem to distinguish between the use of Tsallis and Renyi entropies as either of them may be used to derive similar power-law distributions. In this paper, we address the question whether the Renyi entropy is equally suitable to describe those systems with powerlaw behaviour, where the use of the Tsallis entropy is relevant. We discuss a specific class of dynam...

The entropy changes ( S) in various cathode and anodematerials, as well as in complete Li-ion batteries, were measured using an electrochemical thermodynamic measurement system (ETMS). LiCoO2 has a much larger entropy change than electrodes based on LiNixCoyMnzO2 and LiFePO4, while lithium titanate based anodes have lower entropy change compared to graphite anodes. The reversible heat generatio...

A task is randomly drawn from a finite set of tasks and is described using a fixed number of bits. All the tasks that share its description must be performed. Upper and lower bounds on the minimum ρ-th moment of the number of performed tasks are derived. The key is an analog of the Kraft Inequality for partitions of finite sets. When a sequence of tasks is produced by a source of a given Rényi ...

All near-equilibrium systems under linear regime evolve to stationary states in which there is constant entropy production rate. In an open chemical system that exchanges matter and energy with the exterior, we can identify both the energy and entropy flows associated with the exchange of matter and energy. This can be achieved by applying statistical mechanics (SM), which links the microscopic...

This study presents the investigation of the local entropy generation in compressible flow through a suddenly expanding pipe. Air is used as fluid. The air enters into the pipe with a turbulent profile using 1/7 th power law. The simulations are extended to include different expansion ratios reduced gradually from 5 to 1. To determine the effects of the mass flux, φ′ ′ , the ambient heat transf...

The strong subadditivity of entropy plays a key role in several areas of physics and mathematics. It states that the entropy S[̺] = −Tr ( ̺ ln̺ ) of a density matrix ̺123 on the product of three Hilbert spaces satisfies S[̺123] − S[̺23] ≤ S[̺12] − S[̺2]. We strengthen this to S[̺123]−S[̺12] ≤ ∑ α n ( S[̺ 23 ]−S[̺α 2 ] ) , where the n are weights and the ̺ 23 are partitions of ̺23. Correspondingly, there is a...

We consider the problem of minimax estimation of the entropy of a density over Lipschitz balls. Dropping the usual assumption that the density is bounded away from zero, we obtain the minimax rates (n lnn)− s s+d + n for 0 < s ≤ 2 in arbitrary dimension d, where s is the smoothness parameter and n is the number of independent samples. Using a two-stage approximation technique, which first appro...