a Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Heath, University of Liverpool, The Farr Institute@HeRC, Waterhouse Building, 1–5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK b Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands, Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK c SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK d Centre for ...

The aim of this study is to develop automatic road extraction algorithm in satellite images. As roads have different width and surface material characteristics in urban and rural areas, a modular approach for road extraction algorithm is desired. In this study, edge detection, segmentation, clustering and vegetation and land cover analyses are used. In order to combine the results of different ...

vehicle crashes are amongst the major causes of mortality and results in losses of lives and properties. alarge number of the vehicle crashes occur on rural roads. accidents become more noteworthy in two-laneroads due to going and coming traffic. therefore, prediction of crashes and their causes are considerablyimportant to reduce the number and severity of the accidents. the safety index is a ...

according to the ahlowalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor productivity (tfp) beside infrastructure investments of government lead to income inequality decrease in rural areas of countries. the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of public investments such as agricultural r&e, road, education and irrigation on income inequality in rural areas of iran. in...

Road safety depends on a complex balance between all the factors that compose road system: user, vehicle, environment, and infrastructure. Directive 2008/96/EC introduces procedures to improve European Transport Network (TEN-T) safety, recognizing an important role for inspections, but focusing them freeways highways. This paper proposed methods criteria useful optimize current inspection adapt...

Vehicle crashes are amongst the major causes of mortality and results in losses of lives and properties. A large number of the vehicle crashes occur on rural roads. Accidents become more noteworthy in two-lane roads due to going and coming traffic. Therefore, prediction of crashes and their causes are considerably important to reduce the number and severity of the accidents. The safety index is...

Frontage roads are most frequently used in rural and urban environments along freeway and full-controlled principal arterial corridors. Their primary function is to distribute and collect traffic between local streets and interchanges. They have been the primary design solution for providing access along Texas rural freeways and full-controlled principal arterials. With the growing public deman...

This study describes the Impact of rural maintenance programme on rural markets in Bangladesh. Rural Maintenance programme (RMP) is a year-round programme for maintenance ol 16 miles earthen roads In each selected union. The programme is run by crews consisting of 15 destitute women. The findings suggest that better road maintenance by RMP in the programme areas has resulted in more traffic f l...