Introduction Today it is generally the case that urban dwellers enjoy higher life expectancy than their rural counterparts, globally. This urban advantage is partly attributable to the higher average incomes of urban dwellers, as well as superior access to public health services, including water supply and sewage disposal, and medical services. However this was not the historical norm. In the s...

Spatial variations in disease patterns of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic remain poorly studied. We explored the association between influenza death rates, transmissibility and several geographical and demographic indicators for the autumn and winter waves of the 1918-1919 pandemic in cities, towns and rural areas of England and Wales. Average measures of transmissibility, estimated by the rep...

rural migration is the process of people moving from rural areas to cities. rural migration to urban is an important issue for all countries. in this study, investigate the causes of rural migration to urban in malayer conty (hamedan province). stutistic population in this study was people who have migrated from their village and data for this study has collected from the 180 migrant households...

Some rural counties in the southeastern United States are experiencing high rates of gonorrhea; however, existing knowledge of epidemiologic patterns of gonorrhea within communities is from urban areas. This paper describes the epidemiology of gonorrhea within a rural county of North Carolina and compares it with the patterns described for large cities. Data include gonorrhea reports from priva...

As the global urban population surpasses the rural, continuing growth in most developing countries means an inevitable increase in urban births. The majority of births in many countries will not be in remote rural areas, but in towns and cities [1]. Far from being good news for the twin Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of maternal and child health—neither of which is currently on track for s...

A National Agenda for Intelligent Infrastructure is not complete without explicit consideration of the needs of rural communities. While the American population has urbanized, the United States depends on rural communities for agriculture, fishing, forestry, manufacturing and mining. Approximately 20% of the US population lives in rural areas with a skew towards aging adults. Further, nearly 25...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Many US cities have experienced population reductions, often blamed on crime and interpersonal injury. Yet the overall injury risk in urban areas compared with suburban and rural areas has not been fully described. We begin to investigate this evidence gap by looking specifically at injury-related mortality risk, determining the risk of all injury death across the rural-urban c...

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes has been associated with factors related to welfare and social class. During the past decade, Lithuania has experienced a transition period, leading to dramatic changes in the socioeconomic structure of the society. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incidence in the group aged 0-39 years by urban-rural setting (cities >100000 inhabitants, towns, and rural areas), period (1...

for their constructive suggestions on an earlier draft of this report. They bear no responsibility for remaining shortcomings. The views expressed in this discussion paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the trustees, officers, or staff members of The Brookings Institution. ABSTRACT Single-mother families' success in moving from welfare to work under the 1996 federal w...

..................................................................................................................................vi 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Overview of public investment scene ................................................................................. 2...