Newcastle Disease (ND) has been recognized for a long time as one of the major production and health constraints to rural poultry. There have been increasing reports by private veterinarians of ND outbreaks in commercial farms in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria but the epidemiological status of the disease in local chickens is unknown and outbreaks are usually not reported. A serol...

This paper considers the present state of applied economics and the difficulties of integrating its findings and insights with those of other social sciences. The philosophical basis of social science is re-considered as a route to resolving these difficulties. Without a more integrated narrative about how our social systems work, applied economics, and all applied social sciences, run the subs...

The term 'Workers' Councils' can perhaps stand as a catchall title for an unpremeditated, quasi-spontaneous, 'groundup' organisational form reproduced over many periods and across many countries by groups of workers previously unaware of such a structure or of its historical precedents. Its highest form the Soviet, its 'lowest' the simple workplace representatives' committee, this formation rec...

BACKGROUND Brazil created Health Councils to bring together civil society groups, heath professionals, and government officials in the discussion of health policies and health system resource allocation. However, several studies have concluded that Health Councils are not very influential on healthcare policy. This study probes this issue further by providing a descriptive account of some of th...

This article addresses the collective actions of participation in the municipal health councils. The underlying research sought to establish the performance of the councilors in the municipal health councils in the Metropolitan Region of Belém in the State of Pará. A survey of documents for the 2005-2010 period, structured interviews and observations with counselors in sessions of meetings of t...

The essay reflects upon the deliberative democracy and upon the limits and possibilities of the municipal health councils to become institutions that practice and settle it. It is shown that such councils face a process of institutional delegitimization that can subtract their importance in the decision-making process, a risk enhanced by the political crisis that the country is experiencing. Fo...

This article was based on the results of research concerning health policy in municipalities that achieved the most extensive development of decentralization and innovation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study applied a questionnaire for health system users' representatives in Municipal Health Councils. The central issues were: the Councils' political role; social control by the Co...

Employee participation and establishment-level codetermination via works councils are central elements of the German system of industrial relations. The existence of a works council is widely observed to be positively correlated with productivity. However, much less is known about the transmission channels that works councils use to affect productivity. In this paper two hypotheses have been de...