Security services in routing protocols are at the same time very important and very costly. This paper examines the cost of security in link state routing and develops techniques for eecient and secure processing of link state updates. Diierent approaches are recommended for stable and volatile network environments. Applications to mobile ad hoc networks are also considered.

Method for Ad-Hoc blockchain of wireless mesh networking with agent and initiate nodes is proposed. Minimizing the number hops maintaining connectivity mobile terminals are concerns. Through simulation studies, it found that increasing initiator caused to route a large messages. Thus, these will die out quickly, causing energy required get remaining messages increase more die. This create casca...

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a type of network on backbone Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). These networks are used for providing communication services in case natural disasters. Dynamic changes link quality and mobility distort the Quality Service (QoS) routing FANETs. This work proposed Multi Criteria QoS Optimal Routing (MCQOR) guided by prediction three-dimensional (3D) movement FANET no...

Routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks has been considered to a great extent, even though the hypothesis on full connectivity is generally not valid in a real time system which means that a practical routing protocol ought to handle intermittent connectivity and the absence of end-to-end connections. In this paper, we propose a location aware routing mechanism called adaptive position based ...

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are mobile wireless networks which are designed to support public safety by traffic tracking. In VANETs, vehicle mobility will cause the communication links between vehicles leads to broken . Such link failures responsible for excessive increase in the routing overhead and degradation in network scalability. In this paper, we propose dynamic time scalable hybr...

Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) are subpart of Mobile Adhoc Network. VANETs are self-organized wireless networks, which are infrastructure less. Due to the high mobility of VANETs and increase the speed of vehicles, the connectivity between vehicles become poor which result in an increase the dropped packets overhead of LSGO routing protocol. LSGO routing protocol is a combination of link sta...

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is one of the essential required wireless networks in this era. The routing process is one of the most important challenges that faces the designers and the managers of such networks. While, the performance evaluation is the main process that must be controlled in order to test, improve and develop any new or available MANET. This network’s performance can be measu...

In highly dynamic large IP/MPLS networks, when routing information includes not only topology information but also information to provide QoS, such as available link bandwidth, network state databases must be frequently updated. This updating process generates an important signaling overhead. Reducing this overhead implies having inaccurate routing information, which may cause both non-optimal ...

An important challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks used in industrial applications is its reliability with respect to guaranteed delivery while maintaining minimum overhead. Although the traditional ad hoc routing protocols are designed for obtaining the maximum throughput, they cannot guarantee reliability. For process control applications, every information conveyed by every sensor is importa...

In geographical ad hoc routing, each node has to be equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS). This requirement is quite realistic today as such devices are inexpensive and can provide reasonable precision. In this work, we are interested in the optimization of the geographical routing protocol, LAR (Location-Aided Routing) [1]. LAR is an on-demand routing protocol using geographical locati...