Over the last few decades, rising greenhouse gas emissions have promoted poleward expansion of the large-scale atmospheric Hadley circulation that dominates the Tropics, thereby affecting behavior of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Expression of these changes in tropical marine ecosystems is poorly understood because of sparse observational datase...

We propose an exact solution method for a routing and capacity installation problem in networks. Given an input graph, the problem is to route traffic from a set of source nodes to a sink node and to install transmission facilities on the edges of the graph to accommodate the flow at minimum cost. We give a branch and bound algorithm that solves relaxations obtained by approximating the non-con...

the mathematical properties of nano molecules are an interesting branch of nanoscience forresearches nowadays. the periodic open single wall tubulene is one of the nano moleculeswhich is built up from two caps and a distancing nanotube/neck. we discuss how toautomatically construct the graph of this molecule and plot the graph by spring layoutalgorithm in graphviz and netwrokx packages. the sim...

[1] Spatially-distributed forest biomass components are essential to understand carbon cycle and the impact of biomass burning emissions on air quality. We estimated the density of forest biomass components (foliage biomass, branch biomass, and aboveground biomass) at a spatial resolution of 1 km across the Contiguous United States using foliage-based generalized allometric models and Moderate-...

The purpose of this article is to present and solve the Biobjective Travelling Purchaser Problem, which consists in determining a route through a subset of markets in order to collect a set of products, minimizing the travel distance and the purchasing cost simultaneously. The most convenient purchase of the product in the visited markets is easily computed once the route has been determined. T...

We investigate the observed depletion of red giants in the cores of post-core-collapse globular clusters. In particular, the evolutionary scenario we consider is a binary consisting of two lowmass stars which undergoes two common-envelope phases. The first common-envelope phase occurs when the primary is a red giant resulting in a helium white dwarf and main-sequence star in a detached binary. ...

Riemann surfaces naturally appear in the analysis of complex functions that are branched over the complex plane. However, they usually possess a complicated topology and are thus hard to understand. We present an algorithm for constructing Riemann surfaces as meshes in R from explicitly given branch points with corresponding branch indices. The constructed surfaces cover the complex plane by th...

In the Swapping Problem (SP), every vertex of a complete graph may supply and demand an object of a known type. A vehicle of unit capacity starting and ending its tour at an arbitrary vertex is available for carrying objects of given types between vertices. The SP consists of determining a minimum cost route that allows the vehicle to satisfy every supply and demand. This article investigates t...