in this paper, we proposed a novel structure for designing all optical filter based on photonic crystal structure. in designing the proposed filter, we simply employed a point defect localized between input and output waveguides as wavelength selecting part of the filter. the initial form of this filter is capable of selecting optical waves at =1560 nm, the transmission efficiency of the filte...

Astringency and sourness of lactic, acetic and citric acids, each adjusted to pH 3, 5 and 7, were evaluated in two experiments, one starting at equal concentrations in wt/vol before neutralization and the second starting at equal molarity. Astringency and sourness decreased with increasing pH. However, acids were differentially sour at equal pH, consistent with previous findings. In contrast, t...

The mechanical rolling conditions in hot strip mills are precisely defined by various variables, which are taken directly froth the rolling schedule (separation force, torque. speed. strip thickness) or calculated from figures of the rolling schedule and dimensions of the mill (strip reduction, roll diameter etc.). These variables allow to describe the mechanical rolling conditions of all passe...

Sculptured surfaces are relatively difficult to machine due to their complex geometry. Sculptured surface machining primarily has two stages, the first being roughing and the other being finishing. The current work focuses on generating tool paths for the finishing operation. Given any arbitrary sculptured surface, G&M machine codes have been generated to machine that surface using ball-end mil...

filter is one of the main components of embankment dams. by a simple but effective performance, filter protects the dam against erosion and soil scouring in impervious core caused by leakage (piping) and makes it safe. interaction between filter and erodible base soil is a complex phenomenon which is dependent upon several factors, and has challenged researchers for better understanding the fil...

the error of inertial navigation systems increase versus time, therefore for achieving higher accuracy specially in long time navigations we have to use an aiding system. global positioning system is the best aiding system in this case. in this paper we first simulate a gps and ins; then simulate tightly integration and finally review adaptation method of kalman filtering a fuzzy adaptive kalma...

in this article, the effect of cells' radius on the behavior of wavelength switching optical filter andthe effect of the radius of the optical filters' key characteristics such as wavelength resonance onan optical filter based on photonic crystals, have been investigated. currently, the most commonapplied mechanism for designing optical filter based on photonic crystals is using twomechanisms s...