Slow strain rate tests on hydrogen-containing specimens of PH13–8Mo maraging stainless steel showed H-assisted subcritical quasi-cleavage cracking, accelerating material failure. Fractographic analysis revealed that is composed flat brittle areas and rougher areas. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed a secondary subcritically grown crack. High resolution EBSD significant cryst...

Perceptual abilities of animals, like echolocating bats, are difficult to study because they challenge our understanding of non-visual senses. We used novel acoustic tomography to convert echoes into visual representations and compare these cues to traditional echo measurements. We provide a new hypothesis for the echo-acoustic basis of prey detection on surfaces. We propose that bats perceive ...

Fertilization rates were estimated for natural spawns in the tropical wrasse, Halichoeres bivattatus. Fertilization rate averaged 88%, but varied with both sea conditions and with the addition of males (streakers) to pair spawns. As sea conditions became rougher, the mean fertilization rate for a day decreased. This effect was due to the two days with the roughest sea conditions and the lowest ...

We present a simple model and carry out simulations to investigate the dynamics of mixtures of granular material within a rotating drum. On the basis of the commonly held belief (supported by considerable experimental evidence) that segregation is due to motion of particles on the active layer, the bulk playing little or no role, we introduce a 2d lattice gas model which takes into account the ...

Virus inactivation and virus adsorption, resulting from interactions with minerals, constitute important aspects of an aquifers disinfection capacity. Investigations using a 20 cm column filled with medium-grained natural sands demonstrated that the sands can attenuate up to 62% of a pulse of viruses injected. Experiments using repeatedly washed sands had significantly lower attenuation capacit...

The aim of this study was to obtain the 3-D qualitative and quantitative nanoscale data of the surface topography and surface roughness of glazed and unglazed feldspathic ceramics. Twelve samples composed of Ni-Cr alloy (Wiron 99, Bego Germany) and feldspathic ceramics (IPS Classic, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were prepared, and divided into two groups, dependent of the surface fin...

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are used in a wide range of applications. Several institutions worldwide are now involved in the collection of DEM data. OEMs are generally compiled at large scales (e.g. 1:25,000) with high accuracy. However, users frequently require data at different scales and for differing purposes (e.g. analysis, display etc.). To derive models at reduced scales, a generaliza...

To investigate the influence of carbon fiber (CF) surface treatment on the flexural strength and tribological properties of the short-cut CF/polyimide (PI) composites, pitch-based short-cut CF were treated by rare earth. The CF before and after treatment was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexural strength of the specimens was d...

The microbial cell wall plays a crucial role in biofilm formation and drug resistance. cspA encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall protein in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. To determine whether cspA has a significant impact on biofilm development and sensitivity to antifungal drugs in A. fumigatus, a ΔcspA mutant was constructed by targeted gene disrupt...

The Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista – COSIPA is an integrated steel plant of the Usiminas System located in the municipality of Cubatão, in the coastal region of the São Paulo state, Brazil. This works produces 4.5 millions tons of steel per year; 1.0 million tons of this output are delivered as rolled plates, which meet a wide range of uses, such as those in agricultural implements, industrial ...