decision support systems (dsss) are prevalent information systems for decision making in many competitive business environments. in a dss, decision making process is intimately related to some factors which determine the quality of information systems and their related products. traditional approaches to data analysis usually cannot be implemented in sophisticated companies, where managers nee...

in this paper, we introduce a new generalization of weakly prime ideals called $i$-prime. suppose $r$ is a commutative ring with identity and $i$ a fixed ideal of $r$. a proper ideal $p$ of $r$ is $i$-prime if for $a, b in r$ with $ab in p-ip$ implies either $a in p$ or $b in p$. we give some characterizations of $i$-prime ideals and study some of its properties.  moreover, we give conditions  ...

For P a poset or lattice, let Id(P ) denote the poset, respectively, lattice, of upward directed downsets in P, including the empty set, and let id(P ) = Id(P )−{∅}. This note obtains various results to the effect that Id(P ) is always, and id(P ) often, “essentially larger” than P. In the first vein, we find that a poset P admits no <-respecting map (and so in particular, no one-to-one isotone...

This paper shows that any compactly generated lattice is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible lattices which are complete and upper continuous. An example of a compactly generated lattice which cannot be subdirectly decomposed into subdirectly irreducible compactly generated lattices is given. In the case of an ideal lattice of a lattice L, the decomposition into subdirectly irreducib...

Exploiting the analogy between exemplar models and population coding schemes, we characterize, by means of information theoretic tools, the efficiency of a large but finite population of cells coding for a discrete set of categories (e.g. vowels). The optimal code is shown to typically allocate more cells to class boundaries than to regions further apart. We then discuss the predicted perceptua...

We consider the problem of designing reliable and confidential lattice codes, known as wiretap lattice codes, for fast fading channels. We identify as code design criterion for finite lattice constellations a finite sum of inverse of algebraic norms, in fact the analogous for finite sums of the known criterion for infinite constellations, which motivates us to study totally real number fields w...

Pregnancy and delivery is one of the main causes in the female body weight alteration, especially with obesity. This alteration in body weight has a significant effect not only for a femine beauty standpoint, but also for more important reproductive functions in postpartum. For the actual condition of the maternal body weight alteration and its clinical significance, we made the various analysi...

citrus fruits contain numerous nutrients and secondary metabolites including sugars, vitamin c, flavonoids and phenols which have high antioxidant activity and nutritional value. factors such as cultivar, type of stock and fruit position affect the amount of these compounds. hence in this study the amount of sucrose, glucose, total sugar, vitamin c, flavonoids and phenols in pulp, mesocarp and ...

simulation of rough rice drying is one of the proper methods for predicting moisture distribution in the product, and throughout the process of drying. the drying process must be well understood and controlled so that design guidelines which reduce or minimize drying damage to rough rice can be established and improved. therefore, an accurate understanding and description of the drying mechanis...