introduction: the objective of this study was to compare the shaping ability of three rotary filing systems; constant taper k3 instruments, constant taper profile instruments and progressive taper protaper rotary instruments in clear resin blocks with simulated curved root canals. materials and methods: forty five resin blocks were divided into three groups. group a preparation was conducted wi...

internal inflammatory root resorption (iirr) is a rare condition of the root canal and if it is left untreated it may lead to destruction of the surrounding dental hard tissues. odontoclasts are responsible for this situation which can potentially perforate the root. many initiating factors have been mentioned for iirr, almost all causing chronic inflammation in the vital pulp. iirr is usually ...

microorganisms play a major role in initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical diseases. therefore, elimination of the microorganisms present in the root canal system is the fundamental objective of endodontic treatment. the use of mechanical debridement, chemical irrigation or other antimicrobial protocols and intra-canal medicaments are critical to attain this goal. the aim of this ...

The root is an important plant part contributing to peanut productivity underwater-limited conditions. Root volume, root surface area and root diameter may becharacters responding to pre-flowering drought (PFD) in peanut. The objectives ofthis study were to investigate the responses to PFD for root surface area, rootvolume and root diameter and to determine the inter-relationships among theresp...

Plants constantly communicate with coexisting neighbors and adjust their physiological morphological characteristics, including changes in root system architecture (RSA). Increased or decreased biomass accumulation, horizontal vertical asymmetric distribution are the main behavioral performances. Some evidence has shown that these performances associated plant plasticity such as secretion of ex...