Microclimatic parameters and natural materials were studied in order to assess conservation of the cave complex at Galdar, Gran Canaria. Based on the microclimatic data, experimental simulations were carried out to quantify water retention capacity and water vapour transport kinetics under continuously changing extreme temperatures and relative humidity values. The behaviour of natural construc...

Background The ubiquity of nickel in the environment and its common presence in food and water mean that humans are constantly exposed to nickel. Although nickel is not acutely toxic at low levels, it is a carcinogen and has been linked to cellular oxidative stress [1]. Soils that develop on serpentinite, a metamorphic rock type derived from ultramafic igneous rocks (and the state rock of Calif...

In this paper, we explore the fundamental physics behind the application of electrical resistivity and induced polarization during tunnel boring machine (TBM) mining. Using finite element (FE) analysis, we model the electric field created when current is injected into the surrounding ground via electrodes in the TBM cutterhead. The FE analysis simulates a variety of materials and conditions inc...

Distribution Endemic to the six largest Ha-waiian islands. Size Greatly variable, typically reaches 20–24 m (66–79 ft) in height; may be much smaller on lava rock or boggy soils. Habitat Wide range, 1–2500 m (1–8200 ft) elevation with rainfall of 400–10,000 mm (16–400 in). Largest component of lowland and mon-tane wet and mesic forests, dry forests, subal-pine shrublands, and new lava flows. Ve...

An integrated nomenclature scheme is proposed to capture the inherent heterogeneity of fine-grained sedimentary rocks at the 102 to 1023 mm scale and to assist the evaluation of these rocks as sinks of organic carbon, barriers to fluid flows, and reservoirs of oil and gas. This scheme incorporates previous knowledge and the latest field, petrographic, and laboratory observations. We propose to ...

This paper presents a work-flow process to describe and characterize tight gas sands. The ultimate objective of this work-flow is to provide a consistent methodology to systematically integrate both large-scale geologic elements and small-scale rock petrology with the physical rock properties for low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. To that end, our work-flow integrates multiple data evaluati...

The weathering of Stone Mountain Granite (adamellitc) forms kaolinite, endcllite, allophane and gibbsite of which kaolinite is the most stable. Bulk density ranges from 2.65 in fresh rock to a minimum of 1.48 in saprolite. It is a good index of weathering. Abrasion pH ranges from 5.0 in saprolite to 9.3 in fresh rock, and is direct]y related to bulk density and the amount of clay mineral. Among...