For many years traffic control has been the task of traffic centres. Road congestion is reduced via traffic control based on the sensor information of the current traffic state. Actuators are used to create a better spread and throughput over the network. A powerful means to further reduce congestion is to shift from the classical reactive paradigm to a proactive paradigm. In this concept the t...

A driving simulator study was conducted to test the influence of Collision Avoidance Warning System on drivers’ performance. Perceptual load on the road (e.g., vehicles’ congestion) and its sides (e.g., pedestrians’ number) were manipulated, while critical events occurred on the road (e.g., a leading car suddenly slowed down) or initiated from its sides (e.g., a pedestrian crossed the road unex...

We present a novel method for automatically synthesizing road networks that are perceptually similar to given example road networks. Our algorithm can grow a new road network from an initial node or expand an existing network. For an unfinished node in the network, we search a set of candidate nodes in the example road networks that have similar node topology, and then find a best one by neighb...

although liability under general tort and contract law principles is not limited to a certain amount, liability arising under a carriage contract is limited by the majority of international transport conventions and national legislatures and, there are certain reasons given to justify the “essential departure from the current rules of civil law” and it is common for the liability of the carrier...

In Intelligent Transport System (ITS), prevention from accident is one of prominent area of research in which various approaches are implemented and proposed to assist and warn driver from accidents. As a part of warning system lane departure technique is widely considered, that monitor vehicle’s movement , and warn driver before lane departure which will prevent driver from head on collision. ...

The paper studies an optimal decision problem for several groups of drivers on a network of roads. Drivers have different origins and destinations, and different costs, related to their departure and arrival time. On each road the flow is governed by a conservation law, while intersections are modeled using buffers of limited capacity, so that queues can spill backward along roads leading to a ...

INTRODUCTION Message framing, a strategy of advertising message construction, is widely adopted in various forms of brand advertising campaigns. The hedonic principles of approach (happiness) and avoidance (pain), well established in motivation psychology, lay down the theoretical foundation upon which the core concept of message framing is developed (Wedell, 1997). The positive framing, center...