Existing symmetric encryption algorithms target messages consisting of elementary binary blocks of at least 64 bits. Some applications need a block cipher which operates over smaller and possibly nonbinary blocks, which can be viewed as a pseudo-random permutation of n elements. We present an algorithm for selecting such a random permutation of n elements and evaluating efficiently the permutat...

Let i, n be elements of N. The functor proj(i, n) yielding a function from Rn into R is defined by: (Def. 1) For every element x of Rn holds (proj(i, n))(x) = x(i). Next we state two propositions: (1) dom proj(1, 1) = R1 and rng proj(1, 1) = R and for every element x of R holds (proj(1, 1))(〈x〉) = x and (proj(1, 1))−1(x) = 〈x〉. (2)(i) (proj(1, 1))−1 is a function from R into R1, (ii) (proj(1, 1...

In this study, the thermal characteristics of turbulent nanofluid flow in a helical tube in the tube heat exchanger (HTTHE) were assessed numerically through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The findings of both the turbulent models: realizable k-epsion (k-ε) and re-normalisation group (RNG) k-epsilon were compared. The temperature distribution contours show that realizable and RN...

The drops are used to control the descents,  stabilize the bed level, and control the upstream water level in sloping channels with less slope than the ground slope. The current study presents a numerical analysis of hydraulic characteristics in the vertical drop using computational fluid dynamics. At first, the laboratory models were used for verification and choosing the best model of turbule...

The core of any physical RNG is its noise source. In [3], Subsection 3.2.2, among other requirements it is demanded that the documentation shall provide an ex­ plicit statement of the expected entropy rate and a technical argument, which supports this claim. This presentation considers entropy estimation on the basis of a stochastic model. The (optional) conditioning is typically realised by a ...

The Fuzzy C-means (FCM) method with Fourier coefficient based distance was firstly used to construct the vortex features and analyze large-scale unsteady flow pattern around building by transient ensemble velocity magnitude Q criterion value. performance of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) turbulence models, including Standardk−εmodel, Realizablek−ε, Renormalization Group (RNG) theoryk−ε...

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) ameliorates the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, some aspects of executive control are impaired with STN DBS. OBJECTIVE We tested the prediction that (i) STN DBS interferes with switching from automatic to controlled processing during fast-paced random number generation (RNG) (ii) STN DBS-induced cognit...

Operating systems and applications rely on random number generators (RNGs) for a number of important tasks, most notably cryptographic key generation. The impact of flawed random number generation practices has been studied extensively in the past [2, 5]. In this paper, we examine the implications of an RNG bug in FreeBSD that was fixed by Subversion commit r278907 [3]. In particular, our analy...

In this paper we present the results of a rst empirical investigation on how the quality of non-uniform variates is innuenced by the underlying uniform RNG and the transformation method used. We use well known standard RNGs and transformation methods to the normal distribution as examples. We nd that except for transformed density rejection methods, which do not seem to introduce any additional...

We adopt the following rules: i, j, k, n denote natural numbers, a, b, c, x denote sets, and r denotes a real number. The following four propositions are true: (1) If 1 < i, then 0 < i − 1. (2) If 1 ¬ i, then i − 1 < i. (3) 1 is odd. (4) Let given n, f be a finite sequence of elements of E T , and given i. If 1 ¬ i and i + 1 ¬ len f, then fi ∈ rng f and fi+1 ∈ rng f. This work has been partiall...