Polarization effects can be confusing — even counter intuitive if you have the wrong intuition. To add to the confusion, the convention to define “left” and “right” circular polarization is . . . at the whim of your instructor. An atomic physicist will describe polarization of light with respect to a fixed “z-axis” of reference, independent of the k-vector of the light. This definition becomes ...

Transformation optics (TO) offers a geometrical approach in designing optical components of any shapes. Although it has been proven to be a versatile and robust mathematical tool, TO has, however, limited control over electromagnetic (EM) field polarization in the process of coordinate transformation. Such a technique can be extended to a so-called "Field transformation (FT)" which provides dir...

Chirality is an intriguing property of certain molecules, materials or artificial nanostructures, which allows them to interact with the spin angular momentum of the impinging light field. Due to their chiral geometry, they can distinguish between left- and right-hand circular polarization states or convert them into each other. Here we introduce an approach towards optical chirality, which is ...

We have considered the tight focusing of light with linear polarization. Using Richards–Wolf formalism, it is shown that before and after focal plane, there are regions in which polarization circular (elliptical). When passing through direction rotation vector reversed. If focus a certain area was left polarization, then directly this will be similar right This effect allows linearly polarized ...

UNLABELLED Circularly polarized light, rare in the animal kingdom, has thus far been documented in only a handful of animals. Using a rotating circular polarization (CP) analyzer we detected CP in linearly polarized light transmitted through epipelagic free living Sapphirina metallina copepods. Both left and right handedness of CP was detected, generated from specific organs of the animal's bod...

We examine the modal, spectral, and polarization entanglement properties of photon pairs generated in a nonlinear periodically poled two-mode waveguide one-dimensional planar or two-dimensional circular via nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Any of the possible degrees of freedom—mode number, frequency, or polarization—can be used to distinguish the down-converted photons whi...

An adjustable aperture element has been integrated into the full-field soft-x-ray microscope at the Advanced Light Source to select either the right or left elliptically polarized x rays emitted at an inclined angle from a bending magnet. Magnetic contrast recorded at the Fe L3 edge in a 59-nm-thin Gd25Fe75 layer can be modulated and scales with the degree of circular polarization in agreement ...

A Rubidium high-frequency lamp is used as the pumping light source to excite Rubidium atoms in a sample cell. The pumping source light is filtered to transmit the D1 Rb line and polarizers are used to produce circular polarization. The circular polarization pumping mechanism selectively repopulates the sample cell ground state Rb Zeeman hyperfine levels away from thermal equilibrium populations...

The performance of a circularly polarized edge truncated elliptical patch microstrip antenna has been investigated experimentally in free space and has been compared with the performance of a conventional elliptical patch antenna. Extensive optimizations in feed locations and in edge lengths along major and minor axes of conventional elliptical patch antenna have been carried out to achieve bes...

In this paper, the application and development of a highly integrated GPS receiver that employs reflected GPS signals for ground object detection and flood flow is described. Both righthand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) antennas are employed so that the direct and reflected signals can be simultaneously obtained. The objective of this study is to use th...