Eleven published articles (4 reviews, 7 research papers) are collected in the Special Issue entitled “Organelle Genetics Plants.” This selection of papers covers a wide range topics related to chloroplasts and plant mitochondria research: (i) organellar gene expression (OGE) and, more specifically, chloroplast RNA editing soybean, editing, intron splicing soybean during nodulation, as well stud...

Mitochondria and plastids have their own DNAs and are regarded as descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes. Organellar DNAs are not naked in vivo but are associated with basic proteins to form DNA-protein complexes (called organelle nuclei). The concept of organelle nuclei provides a new approach to explain the origin, division, and inheritance of organelles. Organelles divide using organelle d...

Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, which known as power house in cells. This organelle transforms energy into forms that are usable by the cell. The most common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety can be linked to mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, mutations of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively) have been lin...

The review discusses some consequences of the widespread partial uncoupling of the reproduction of organelle DNA from that of nuclear DNA. I propose that in certain circumstances natural selection favors intraorganismal reproductive competition between different varieties of organelle DNA, and in other circumstances selection favors competition between organelle and nuclear DNA. Evidence is mar...