Three patients are described in whom pleural effusion appeared to be a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. In each, needle biopsy demonstrated granuIomatous pleural lesions resembling the subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule while extensive studies failed to reveal any evidence of infection or neoplasm. The presence of extremely low fluid sugar concentration is regarded as strongly suggestive of r...

BACKGROUND Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by autoantibodies binding to citrullinated and homocitrullinated proteins. We wanted to study the expression patterns of these disease-associated protein forms and if the rheumatoid nodule and synovial tissue itself contain biologically active levels of citrullinating peptidyl arginine deiminases 2, 3 and 4 and homocitrullinatio...

Granuloma annulare(GA) is an inflammatory benign cutaneous disease of unknown etiology that may manifest different clinical features. The most common presentation or classic form of the disease is manifested as flesh colored, annular grouped papules, commonly involving the hands and feet. Various skin injuries and infections have been reported to trigger GA, including insect bites, warts,...

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid nodules are the most common extra-articular findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They occur most commonly at pressure points such as the extensor surfaces of the forearms, fingers, and occiput, but have also been reported to occur in unusual locations including the central nervous system, pericardium, pleura, and sclera. We present the unusual case of rheumatoid...

Pseudorheumatoid nodules are necrobiotic granulomas that are not associated with any systemic disease but that histopathologically mimic the granulomas of rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus [14] . Pseudorheumatoid nodules usually involve the skin of the extremities or scalp, but may occasionally involve the periocular area [5-7]. We report an unusual case of...