Seven species of Plakinidae are currently known from Brazil, belonging to genera Plakina (P. trilopha), Plakinastrella (P. microspiculfera, P. onkodes), and Plakortis (P. angulospiculatus, P. halichondrioides, P. insularis, and P microrhabdifera). In this study we describe four new species of the genera Plakinastrella and Plakortis, increasing the number of plakinid species in Brazil to eleven....

An inverse method is used to characterize the membrane mechanical behavior of liquid filled microcapsules. Cross-linked ovalbumin microcapsules are flowed and deformed into a cylindrical microchannel of comparable size. The deformed shape is compared to predictions obtained numerically when modeling a capsule under the same flow conditions. The unknown shear modulus value corresponds to the bes...

In this paper we describe two species of the cosmopolitan sponge genus Haliclona from Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil, one of which is new to science and the other a new record to Brazil. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) fugidia sp. nov. is brownish-pink, salmon or cream, thickly encrusting, without oscular tubes and tangential ectosomal reticulation. Choanosomal skeleton is a mostly unispicular ladder-l...

A phylogenetic regression model that incorporates the network structure allowing reticulation event to study trait evolution is proposed. The parameter estimation achieved through maximum likelihood approach, where an algorithm developed by taking a in eNewick format as input build up variance–covariance matrix. applied common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, investigating its traits used respond ...

The ability of dendritic cells (DC) to mediate CD4(+) T cell help for cellular immunity is guided by instructive signals received during DC maturation, as well as the resulting pattern of DC responsiveness to the Th signal, CD40L. Furthermore, the professional transfer of antigenic information from migratory DC to lymph node-residing DC is critical for the effective induction of cellular immune...

The Lycaeides butterfly species complex in North America consists of two nominal, morphologically defined species. These butterflies are ecologically diverse and appear to be distributed as a geographically complex mosaic of locally differentiated populations that may be undergoing adaptive radiation. We asked whether patterns of molecular genetic variation within the species complex are congru...