Abstract—Excavation and retaining walls are of challenging issues in civil engineering. In this study, the behavior of one important type of supporting systems called Contiguous Bored Pile (CBP) retaining wall is investigated using a physical model. Besides, a comparison is made between two modes of free end piles (soft bed) and fixed end piles (stiff bed). Also a back calculation of effective ...

In this paper, cantilever retaining wall design is studied as an important optimization task in civil engineering. The current study explores the efficiency of some recent swarm intelligence techniques: accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO), firefly algorithm (FA), and cuckoo search (CS). These algorithms are verified using two benchmark case studies. In order to better determine the p...

Abstract It was repeated in the traditional design and construction process of retaining wall guide diaphragm wall, resulting prolonged period, increased amount temporary structural concrete pouring demolition, caused data waste environmental pollution, which does not meet requirements green construction. In this paper, based on deep foundation pit project standard underground station rail tran...