This paper investigates three linguistic features—wawation, the 1CS genitive clitic pronoun, and relative pronoun—that are shared between ancient epigraphic forms of Arabic modern dialects, to exclusion Classical Arabic. I suggest that these features represent earliest layer dialects.

things (substances, events, abstractions); Corbett (2000, chap. 3) reviewed the relevant evidence regarding linguistic number. Because less imageable referents have less discernible internal boundaries, they may tend to be construed as units even when they are potentially ambiguous in notional number (Eberhard, 1999). Ambiguities in notional number result from conflicts in valuation that can co...

We found o direct relationship between voriotion in informants’ grommoticality intuitions about pronoun coreference and variation in the same informants’ use of a clause segmentation strategy during sentence perception. It hos been proproposed that ‘c-command’, a structural principle defined in terms of constituent dominance relations, constrains within-sentence coreference between pronouns and...

Many comprehension studies have shown that children as late as age 6 ; 6 misinterpret object pronouns as co-referring with the referential subject about half the time. A recent review of earlier experiments testing children's interpretation of object pronouns in sentences with quantified subjects (Elbourne, 2005) also suggests that there is a 'Pronoun Interpretation Problem'. In contrast, two e...

3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

In this paper, I shall discuss the status of Hausa resumptive pronouns. I shall argue that the asymmetry between island-sensitive wh-extraction and island-insensitive relativisation is best captured at the filler site, rather than at the gap site. The analysis proposed here builds crucially on recent HPSG work on island-insensitive rightward movement, arguing in favour of anaphoric processes wi...

We present a comparative analysis of relative clauses in Hindi and Arabic in the tradition of the Paninian Grammar Framework (Bharati et al., 1996b) which leads to deriving a common logical form for equivalent sentences. Parallels are drawn between the Hindi co-relative construction and resumptive pronouns in Arabic. The analysis arises from the development of lexicalised dependency grammars fo...

The large Japanese field mouse, Apodemus speciosus, is a potential indicator of environmental stress, but this function has not been confirmed by histological studies. Since environmental stress affects the reproductive function of mice, we determined the reproductive characteristics of this species at two locations: Toyama (36°35'N, 137°24'E) and Aomori (40°35'N, 140°57'E). Mice were captured ...