After over a decade of sluggish economic growth accompanied by massive fiscal stimulus and government handouts (not unlike the response to the current global crisis) in the 1990s, it remains an open question whether and how Japanese firms have restructured their operations, and whether these efforts have borne any fruit. The popular consensus is that Japanese companies did start to implement to...

In this work, we consider augmenting SQL with constructs allowing dynamic restructuring. Dynamic restructuring occurs naturally in a framework including second-order capabilities for integrating metadata and data within single queries. The context and motivating example for this extension is a federation of relational databases, containing semantically similar information in schematically dispa...

Companies need to develop an appropriate strategy in order maintain its presence and improve performance. One attempt become a large company strong is implement the of restructuring. The emergence free market era has impact on increasingly fierce corporate business competition. This condition spurred people pay attention pursued. In fact, continues formulate perfect win realignment restructurin...

ÐLow coupling between modules and high cohesion inside each module are the key features of good software design. This is obtained by encapsulating the details about the internal structure of data and exporting only public functions with a clean interface. The only native support to encapsulation offered by procedural programming languages, such as C, is the possibility to limit the visibility o...