This article presents a procedure for the reliability assessment of cold-formed steel beams based on Direct Strength Method (DSM) and Effective Section (ESM). Using comprehensive database, statistical analysis test results was performed to determine properties professional factor random variable. The parameters related material strength, geometric load effects were obtained from established ref...

Lightweight cold-formed steel (CFS) framing is an effective building solution for low and mid-rise structures. However, systems level response and component contributions as well as their interactions such as those from lateral-load resisting systems, floor diaphragms, studs to track connections, etc., are not fully understood. Existing building codes for the CFS frame buildings are based solel...

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) members in structural engineering has been on the increase recently due to a wide range benefits. placement electrical and/or plumbing installations within floor or wall thickness requires that are being manufactured with holes along web, inevitably affecting their resistance. This article aims at providing useful and comprehensive overview existing literature...

We introduce a class of continuum shell structures, the Buckliball, which undergoes a structural transformation induced by buckling under pressure loading. The geometry of the Buckliball comprises a spherical shell patterned with a regular array of circular voids. In order for the pattern transformation to be induced by buckling, the possible number and arrangement of these voids are found to b...

Numerical models of secondary fracture healing are based on mechanoregulatory algorithms that use distortional strain alone or in combination with either dilatational strain or fluid velocity as determining stimuli for tissue differentiation and development. Comparison of these algorithms has previously suggested that healing processes under torsional rotational loading can only be properly sim...

The purpose of this study was to determine which factor is the most likely one to have stimulated the mineralization process in the in vitro experiments of Klein-Nulend et al. (Arth. Rheum., 29, 1002-1009, 1986), in which fetal cartilaginous metatarsals were externally loaded with an intermittent hydrostatic pressure, by compressing the gas phase above the culture medium. Analytical calculation...

This paper reports a numerical study on the optimisation of lip size Z-sections under gravity loads. Numerical models cold-formed steel Z purlins restrained by cladding and angle struts subjected to sagging moment were developed validated against total 8 experimental results that failed in local or/and distortional buckling reported companion paper. Models varying levels complexity generated ke...