The parasitoid Chelonus inanitus (Braconidae, Hymenoptera) oviposits into eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) and, along with the egg, also injects polydnaviruses and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. The parasitoid larva develops within the embryonic and larval stages of the host, which enters metamorphosis precociously and arrests develop...

The clam Cyclina sinensis is one of the important economical aquaculture shellfish in China. However, mechanisms sex determination and differentiation C. have not been fully studied. In this study, full-length cDNAs DMRT3 FOXL2 were cloned functionally characterized. ORF region CsDMRT3 consists 1137 nucleotides, which encode 378 amino acids contains a conserved DM domain DMRT family. CsFOXL2 12...

Hexamerins are high molecular-weight proteins found in the hemolymph of insects and have been proposed to function as storage proteins. In previous studies, two Musca domestica hexamerins, designated Hex-L and Hex-F were characterized. Hex-L is synthesized exclusively by the larval fat bodies, is secreted into the hemolymph and likely provides a source of amino acids and energy during metamorph...

biological reactions of the two-spotted spider mite (tss), tetranychus urticae, were studied on nine cultivars of tomatoes. the spider mites were reared on leaf discs, taken from fruiting stages of the host plants. the effects of feeding on some tomato cultivars, namely: long shelf life, meran (greenhouse cultivars), redclude, western red, imperial, yazd, mazandaran, west azarbaijan and khorasa...

The ovigerous females of Upogebia (Upogebia assisi) were collected from Pacha (24o 50 54"N, 66o 43 E) on October 6 and 7, 1994 and 1995 respectively. They were kept for rearing under laboratory conditions at room temperature (25-32oC) in the filtered seawater with salanity of 35-36 parts per thousand (ppt) and pH 7.8-9. Development of larvae proceeds from first to three or four zoeal and p...

The ovigerous females of Upogebia (Upogebia assisi) were collected from Pacha (24o 50 54"N, 66o 43 E) on October 6 and 7, 1994 and 1995 respectively. They were kept for rearing under laboratory conditions at room temperature (25-32oC) in the filtered seawater with salanity of 35-36 parts per thousand (ppt) and pH 7.8-9. Development of larvae proceeds from first to three or four zoeal and p...

to describe the morphological and histological changes during the annual reproductive cycle of the gonads of cyprinion tenuiradius, a total of 341 specimens (102 female and 235 male specimens) were collected monthly from the rudbal river (in the qarah aghaj sub-basin, the persian gulf basin), firuzabad, fars province, southern iran. the randomly sampling was adequate to collect males and female...

Caenorhabditis elegans postembryonic development consists of four discrete larval stages separated by molts. Typically, the speed of progression through these larval stages is investigated by visual inspection of the molting process. Here, we describe an automated method to monitor the timing of these discrete phases of C. elegans maturation, from the first larval stage through adulthood, using...