Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes worldwide. Pets directly exposed to neonicotinoids in veterinary products through environmental contamination. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is among the most significant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that oxidizes several chemicals, including neonicotinoids. However, CYP activities metabolite compositions of neonicoti...

Whitefly biotypes B and Q are the two most damaging members of the Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex. Control of B. tabaci (and especially of Q) has been impaired by resistance to commonly used insecticides. To find new insecticides for B. tabaci management in China, we investigated the sensitivity of eggs, larvae, and adults of laboratory strains of B and Q (named Lab-B a...

Abstract Three suspected resistant (R1, R2, and R3) corn marigold populations collected from winter cereal fields located in central Greece were studied to confirm elucidate the mechanisms of resistance acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors their competitive ability against barley. Whole-plant dose–response assays proved that three R highly cross-resistant ALS tribenuron, pyroxsulam + florasul...

Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, prevalent in the sandy soils o f the southeastern United States, can severely limit soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., yield (10,12). Meloidogyne arenaria populations have increased in some southeastern states in recent years, apparently due to increased plantings of the soybean cultivar 'Centennial', which is resi...

The psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is one of the most important pests of citrus worldwide because it efÞciently vectors three bacteria in the genus Candidatus Liberibacter that cause the devastating citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Current management practices for this insect pest rely on multiple sprays of foliar insecticides and one or two applications of soi...

One of the leading theories for the evolutionary stability of sex in eukaryotes relies on parasite-mediated selection against locally common host genotypes (the Red Queen hypothesis). As such, parasites would be expected to be better at infecting sympatric host populations than allopatric host populations. Here we examined all published and unpublished infection experiments on a snail-trematode...