A parallel artificial lipid membrane system was developed to mimic passive mass transfer of hydrophobic organic chemicals in fish. In this physical model system, a membrane filter-supported lipid bilayer separates two aqueous phases that represent the external and internal aqueous environments of fish. To predict bioconcentration kinetics in small fish with this system, literature absorption an...

the first records of anopheles fluviatilis resistance to ddt was reported in 1963 from india and to dieldrin from eastern saudi arabia in 1959. in southern iran, antimalaria measures began in 1950 and up to 1957 the area was under ddt residual house spraying at the rate of 2g /m2 one round/year. during 1958-59 dieldrin was used at 0.5 g/m2, 1or 2 rounds/year was applied in the lowland areas. in...

growth of the petrochemical industry and its products has been followed growth in other sectors of production, use and trade of chemicals at national and regional levels. it is one of the basic industries which are feeder to other industry sectors as the engine of the economy and play a major role in developing countries. with no doubt mismanagement and improper use of chemicals lead to harmful...

Dense Silicon nitride was investigated to determine the effect of its microstructural parameters and densification on thermo-mechanical properties and thermal stress resistance to fracture initiation during a hot or cold mechanical and thermal shock testing. The different materials and microstructures were obtained by changing the parameters such as the type of the powder, additive, forming p...

olyester and vinyl ester resinbased linings are known for their solvent and chemical resistance. The different resins in these linings have broad resistance ranges, with acid resistance being a major strength. Some of the specific resins resist 1 or more chemicals or types of chemicals better than other resins, so systems often are finetuned by the choice of resin for a particular chemical envi...

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata,causes substantial economic losses in sorghum globally. Cultural practices and host plant resistance are effective measures for mitigating the caused by fly. Therefore, we evaluated 32 genotypes consisting of a set 10 restorer lines, CMS (cytoplasmic male-sterile) lines their respective maintainers exhibiting resistance/susceptibility to fly along with resi...

The bacterial spore, the hardiest known life form, can survive in a metabolically dormant state for many years and can withstand high temperatures, radiation, and toxic chemicals. The molecular basis of spore dormancy and resistance is not understood, but the physical state of water in the different spore compartments is thought to play a key role. To characterize this water in situ, we recorde...