in the shafaroud forest, logging operation is generally performed by using selective cutting methods. chainsaw and cable skidder are two main forest machines for harvesting of this forest. however, forest harvesting operations result in serious residual stand damage during felling, winching and skidding operations in this forest. residual stand damage resulting from selective cutting was assess...

the parallel systems are special important types of coherent structures and have many applications in various areas.in this paper we consider a two-exchangeable-component parallel system for the generalized farlie-gumbel-morgenstern (generalized fgm) distribution. we study the reliability properties of the residual lifetime of the system under the condition that both components of the system ar...

The aim of the present paper is to analyze the complexity of strict implication (together with falsum, conjunction and disjunction). We prove that Ladner’s Theorem remains valid when we restrict the language to the strict implication fragment, and that the same holds for Hemaspaandra’s Theorem. As a consequence we have that the validity problem for most standard normal modal logics is the same ...

abstract background: the current practice to measure rv is either by bpg or helium dilution methods which may not be available in all clinics due to their cost. methods: this paper outlines a method for both direct and indirect calculation of rv via pft with acceptable sensitivity (81 %, 60% ), specificity (71 %, 94%) and validity (76%, 78%) for obstructive and restrictive lung disease respecti...

The implication problem for saturated conditional independence statements is studied in the presence of fixed and undetermined sets of incomplete random variables. Here, random variables are termed incomplete since they admit missing data. Two different notions of implication arise. In the classic notion of V -implication, a statement is implied jointly by a set of statements and a fixed set V ...

will is the basis and foundation of contracts and possessions; almost without which no contract and possession can take the religious and legal affects. heart is the place of will, and because will has a high dignity, it cannot attributed to any matter unless it is declared and manifested. silence is one of the means of interpretation of the will. it, like utterance, scribe, deed and gesture, h...

The implication problem for saturated conditional independence statements is studied in the presence of fixed and undetermined sets of incomplete random variables. Here, random variables are termed incomplete since they admit missing data. Two different notions of implication arise. In the classic notion of V -implication, a statement is implied jointly by a set of statements and a fixed set V ...

At first, George Boole introduced conditional propositions as the basis for better development of propositional logic. A compound statement composed two atomic statements (antecedent and consequent) by connective 'if—then' is called For example: "If it raining, then roads are wet". Here first this proposition, 'It raining,' antecedent, second, 'the wet,' consequent. The material in which false ...