The reproductive status and body condition of 195 (‡185 cm curved fork length, CFL; assigned age 7 and above) Atlantic bluefin tuna were assessed in the Gulf of Maine during the commercial fishing season of June– October, 2000–2002. Given the distance between known spawning and feeding grounds, the prevailing paradigm for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus, L.) suggests that the mos...

Social mammals have three basic stages of postnatal development: infant, juvenile, and adult. Some species also have a brief female post-reproductive stage. The human life cycle, however, is best described by five stages: infant, child, juvenile, adolescent, and adult. Women in both traditional and industrial societies may also have a long post-reproductive stage. Analyses of bones and teeth of...

Many populations collapse suddenly when reaching low densities even if they have abundant food conditions, a phenomenon known as an Allee effect. Such collapses can have disastrous consequences, for example, for loss of biodiversity. In this paper, we formulate a stage-structured consumer-resource biomass model in which adults only reproduce at the beginning of each growing season, and investig...

Reproduction is essential in studying of aging and senescence in fruit flies as for the resources devoted to egg-laying are subtracted from the total resources of the organism and thus intensive reproduction shorten the life span of an individual. According to prevailing opinion, the stochastic nature of spatial and temporal distribution of external factors leads to randomness of reproductive p...

In other to study the effects of salicylic acid on reproductive characters of ‘Elberta’ Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) tree, an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in commercial orchard, Kerman, Iran. The application of three concentrations of salicylic acid 0 (control), 1and 2 mM at swollen bud stage were used. Results showed that appl...

BACKGROUND Although the timing of menarche and menopause may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the entire reproductive life span has not been considered comprehensively as risk for CVD. We investigate the associations of reproductive life span duration and ages at menarche and menopause, induced by natural means or surgical bilateral oophorectomy, with incident CVD in women. ME...