Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly potent molecule that has a myriad of effects in biologic systems. This brief review describes some of our findings on the effects of IL-1 in biologic systems. On the one hand, IL-1 treatment caused a neutrophil-dependent acute edematous lung injury that resembled changes in the lungs of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On the other h...

Exacerbation of hypoxic injury after reoxygenation is a crucial mechanism mediating organ injury in transplantation, and in myocardial, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cerebral, renal, and other ischemic syndromes. The occlusion and reperfusion of the splanchnic artery is a useful animal model to elucidate the mechanism of gastrointestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Although xanth...

Exacerbation of hypoxic injury after restoration of oxygenation (reoxygenation) is an important mechanism of cellular injury in transplantation and in myocardial, hepatic, intestinal, cerebral, renal, and other ischemic syndromes. Cellular hypoxia and reoxygenation are two essential elements of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Activated neutrophils contribute to vascular reperfusion injury, yet pos...

Oxygen free radicals or oxidants that arise from molecular oxygen by successive single-electron reduction reactions, include the superoxide anion (O2), the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) (Chan 1996). Physiological levels of free radicals are needed for redox sensitive signal pathways, cell development and cell apoptosis (Chan 2001). During brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)...

Free radical and oxidant production in cardiac myocytes during ischemia/reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, cardiotoxic drug exposure and ageing leads to DNA strand-breakage which activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and initiates an energy consuming, inefficient cellular metabolic cycle with transfer of the ADP-ribosyl moiety of NAD+ to protein acceptors. These processes le...

Flavonoids have long been acknowledged for their unique antioxidant properties, and possess other activities that may be relevant to heart ischemia-reperfusion. They may prevent production of oxidants (e.g. by inhibition of xanthine oxidase and chelation of transition metals), inhibit oxidants from attacking cellular targets (e.g. by electron donation and scavenging activities), block propagati...

hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) is a common phenomenon during liver surgery, transplantation, infection and trauma which results in damage and necrosis of the hepatic tissue through different pathways. mechanisms involved in i/r damage are very intricate and cover several aspects. several factors are involved in i/r-induced damages; briefly, decrease in sinusoidal perfusion and atp generatio...

Ischaemic preconditioning limits the damage induced by subsequent ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, preconditioning is of little practical use as the onset of an infarction is usually unpredictable. Recently, it has been shown that the heart can be protected against the extension of I/R injury if brief (10-30 sec.) coronary occlusions are performed just at the beginning of the reperfusion. ...

PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on testicular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS Sham group underwent left scrotal exploration only (group 1). The ischemia-reperfusion only group underwent left testicular torsion and detorsion (group 2). The ischemia-reperfusion plus Dex group underwent left testicular torsion, received 50 µg/k...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion causes remote liver injury. This research was planned to investigate whether 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), has any preventive effect against distant liver injury triggered by renal IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty four rats were randomly divided into three different groups Each group has 8 rats. The groups were as follows: (1) Sham operate...