The term nutcracker syndrome (NS) refers to the compression of left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) causing renal venous hypertension. The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with NS and the correlation between clinical and laboratory finding...

BACKGROUND The term nutcracker phenomenon (NCP) elucidates anatomical structure and hemodynamics, whereas nutcracker syndrome (NCS) refers to clinical manifestations. We present three cases of similar clinical features of hematuria and flank pain with different clinical outcomes. CASE REPORT Case 1: A 36-year-old Caucasian female with a past medical history (PMH) of HIV infection presented for ...