Identifying any extrahepatic excretion phenomenon in preclinical species is crucial for an accurate prediction of the pharmacokinetics in man. This understanding is particularly key for drugs with a small volume of distribution, because they require an especially low total clearance to be suitable for a once-a-day dosing regimen in man. In this study, three animal scaling techniques were applie...

objective: level of serum homocysteine is remarkably common among patients with moderate to sever renal failure. we assessed whether serum homocysteine concentrations were correlated with proteinuria in overt diabetic nephropathy. materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out on 45 patients (29 males, 16 females) with overt proteinuria. all subjects had type 2 diabetes. data in...

To clarify alterations in carbohydrate metabolism which occur in pregnancy, metabolic clearance rates of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were measured by the constant infusion technique in term-pregnant rats and in virgin littermates. In addition, placental permeability to these peptides was evaluated by simultaneous determination of their concentration in fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and ma...

The main objective of the study was to assess whether augmented renal clearance was a risk factor for mortality in a cohort of patients with Enterobacteriaceae sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock that all received appropriate antimicrobial therapy within 12 hours. Using a retrospective cohort from Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,250-bed teaching hospital, we collected data on individuals with En...

BACKGROUND Loading dose recommendations for digoxin are based on the volume of distribution, which is proportional to lean body weight, whereas maintenance dose recommendations depend on renal function. The volume of distribution of this drug is demonstrably reduced in severe renal dysfunction, but the threshold at which a reduction in loading dose is warranted remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To ...

OBJECTIVE: Level of serum homocysteine is remarkably common among patients with moderate to sever renal failure. We assessed whether serum homocysteine concentrations were correlated with proteinuria in overt diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 45 patients (29 males, 16 females) with overt proteinuria. All subjects had type 2 diabetes. Data i...

Amantadine transport into renal proximal and distal tubules is bicarbonate dependent. In the present study, we addressed the effects of bicarbonate on renal clearance and urinary excretion of amantadine. Renal clearance of kynurenic acid was also studied to determine whether bicarbonate effects are specific for organic base transport by the kidney. After a moderate diuresis was established, ani...

The renal blood clearance of sodium pentaborate was observed in 8 patients undergoing neutron capture therapy for intracranial malignant tumors and was found to average 39.1 mI./min. per 1.73 sq. m. surface area. The renal blood clearance was calculated for mice receiving sodium pentaborate intravenously in dosages of 25 g./gm. body weight and 100 eg./gm., calculated as boron. The average clear...

We examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of 200 mg of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously to 32 volunteers whose renal function as measured by creatinine clearance ranged from 0 to 8.99 liters/h per 1.73 m2. Serum clearances (mean +/- standard deviation) were 26.8 +/- 5.7 and 15.4 +/- 4.3 liters/h per 1.73 m2 in normal and anephric volunteers, respectively. The half-life (mean +/- standard...

The effect of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on renal function was studied in rats with clearance and micropuncture techniques. Although acute administration did not influence renal function, chronic administration for 4 days caused a marked increase in glomerular filtration rate and PAH clearance. The rise in the reabsurption of sodium under these conditions was associa...